IDENTIFIKASI AKTINOMISETES SEDIMEN AIR TAWAR MAMASA, SULAWESI BARAT DAN AKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI DAN PELARUT FOSFAT
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Abstract
Sebagian besar aktinomisetes yang telah diisolasi dan dilakukan penapisan metabolit sekundernya berasal dari sampel tanah dan laut. Konsekuensinya, kesempatan untuk menemukan aktinomisetes jenis baru maupun yang menghasilkan metabolit sekunder baru dari tanah dan laut semakin berkurang. Eksplorasi aktinomisetes dari lingkungan lain seperti sedimen air tawar jarang dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini, 30 isolat aktinomisetes yang diisolasi dari sedimen air tawar di Kabupaten Mamasa, Sulawesi Barat, telah diidentifikasi dan dilakukan penapisan antibakteri dan kemampuan isolat dalam melarutkan fosfat. Aktinomisetes diisolasi dengan metode pengenceran secara langsung dan selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekular berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penapisan aktivitas antibakteri adalah agar plug diffusion method, sedangkan kemampuan aktinomisetes dalam melarutkan fosfat diuji dengan cara menumbuhkan isolat pada media PKA. Isolat yang paling banyak diisolasi termasuk ke dalam marga Streptomyces (80%). Dari 30 isolat, 56,6% isolat menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri dan 36,6% dari isolat berpotensi sebagai pelarut fosfat, yang termasuk ke dalam marga Streptomyces, Actinomadura, dan Kitasatospora.
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