EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN, KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL DAN KAROTENOID TORBANGUN (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) POLIPLOID MELALUI KULTUR IN VITRO
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Abstract
Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) is an important medical plant contains an active ingredient. The leaves contain phytochemical which influence to increase of milk production. torbangun was classified as a sterile seed thus this plant cannot be propagated by seed. The polyploid induction is one such approach that may introduce phenotypic characteristic lead to increase genetic diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of torbangun polyploid explants through in vitro which cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without PGR. The experiment used a completely randomized design with four replicates. Each replicate consisted of four explants. The parameters observed were shoot height, number of axillary shoots, leaves and roots recorded every week until the 8 weeks of culture. The results showed that torbangun polyploid (tetraploid) had higher growth (shoot height and leaves number) significantly compared to diploid (control) explants, while there were no significantly difference in the number of axillary shoots roots. The polyploid induction of torbangun enhanced the chlorophyll and carotenoids content.
Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) merupakan tanaman obat penting yang mengandung bahan aktif. Daunnya mengandung fitokimia yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan produksi susu. Torbangun tergolong benih mandul sehingga tanaman ini tidak dapat diperbanyak dengan biji. Induksi poliploid merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang dapat memperkenalkan sifat fenotipik yang dapat meningkatkan keragaman genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan eksplan torbangun poliploid secara in vitro yang dikultur pada media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) tanpa ZPT. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari empat eksplan. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi pucuk, jumlah tunas ketiak, daun dan akar dicatat setiap minggu sampai 8 minggu kultur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa poliploid (tetraploid) torbangun memiliki perbedaan pertumbuhan (tinggi tunas dan jumlah daun) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan eksplan diploid (kontrol), sedangkan jumlah tunas ketiak akar tidak berbeda nyata. Induksi poliploid torbangun meningkatkan kandungan klorofil dan karotenoid.
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