UJI AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK HERBA KELAKAI (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F.) Bedd.) TERHADAP SEL KANKER HATI HEPG2
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Abstract
Liver cancer is a disease with a high number of cases. Kelakai herb (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd.) has cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, DU-145 and HeLa cells. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of the herbal fraction of kelakai against HepG2 liver cancer cells. Kelakai herb was macerated using ethanol 96% followed by fractionation using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as solvent. Cytotoxic test of the kelakai extracts and fractions were undertaken using the 3-[4,5-dimetilthiazol-2yl] 2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. Immunocytochemical reactions were applied to determine the expression of p53 and caspase-3 proteins in the apoptotic pathway of HepG2 cells. The results showed that the extract, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fraction of kelakai herbs had cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells, while the water fraction had no cytotoxic activity. Ethyl acetate fraction as the most active fraction of kelakai herbs could increase the expression of caspase-3 and p53 proteins in HepG2 cells. The ethyl acetate fraction had flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins which are potent as a cytotoxic against HepG2 cells.
Kanker hati merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan jumlah kasus yang cukup tinggi. Herba kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd.) memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, DU-145, dan HeLa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik dari fraksi herba kelakai terhadap sel kanker hati HepG2. Herba kelakai dimaserasi dengan etanol 96%, dilanjutkan fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Uji sitotoksik ekstrak dan fraksi herba kelakai dilakukan menggunakan metode 3-[4,5-dimetilthiazol-2yl] 2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay). Reaksi imunositokimia digunakan untuk mengetahui ekspresi protein p53 dan caspase-3 pada jalur apoptosis sel HepG2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak, fraksi n-heksan, dan etil asetat herba kelakai memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel HepG2, sedangkan fraksi air tidak memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik. Fraksi etil asetat sebagai fraksi teraktif dari herba kelakai dapat meningkatkan ekspresi protein caspase-3 dan p53 pada sel HepG2. Fraksi etil asetat memiliki golongan senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin yang memiliki kemampuan sitotoksik terhadap sel HepG2.
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