ANALISIS HOMOGENITAS GENETIK KLON APEL (Malus spp.) HASIL PERBANYAKAN EX VITRO BERDASARKAN PENANDA SSR
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Abstract
Perbanyakan tanaman apel (Malus spp.) secara vegetatif memiliki keunggulan homogenitas genetik antara klon dengan induknya. Namun kemungkinan terjadi penyimpangan sitologi dan off type tetap ada saat perbanyakan massal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji homogenitas genetik tanaman apel menggunakan penanda SSR pada teknik perbanyakan ex vitro. Pengamatan secara morfologi antara tanaman induk dengan hasil perbanyakan secara ex vitro dan dengan sesamannya tidak menunjukkan perbedaan. Untuk menganalisis homogenitas genetik tanaman ini kami menyaring 15 primer SSR pada 29 klon perbanyakan tanaman apel varietas Anna dan Manalagi. Karakter genetik dihitung untuk analisis kelompok menggunakan Darwin 6.05. Sebanyak 8 primer SSR (IPA 2, IPA 3, IPA 4, 5 PA, 6 PA, 12 PA, 13 PA, dan 14 PA) menghasilkan 82 pita yang jelas dan mudah terlihat dalam kisaran ukuran 90-365 bp. Studi ini juga berhasil mendeteksi keseragaman pola pita semua sampel tanaman. Penanda SSR dapat digunakan untuk analisis stabilitas genetik perbanyakan ex vitro dari tanaman apel.
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