KERAGAMAN UBI KAYU (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) HASIL PERBANYAKAN IN VITRO BERDASARKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN PENANDA ISSR
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Abstract
Perbanyakan tanaman ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) secara in vitro menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) diyakini dapat menginduksi variasi morfologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keragaman morfologi dan molekuler dari 13 genotipe ubi kayu hasil perbanyakan in vitro dan perbanyakan dengan stek batang berdasarkan 11 karakter vegetatif dan 7 penanda ISSR. Karakter morfologi dan molekuler diskor untuk analisis kelompok menggunakan program NTSYS-pc 2.11a. Genotipe Roti kontrol dan Adira 4 kontrol yang merupakan hasil perbanyakan in vitro tanpa penambahan ZPT menunjukkan perbedaan variasi morfologi dengan genotipe Roti varian dan FEC-25 yang merupakan tanaman hasil perbanyakan dengan penambahan ZPT. Hasil analisis pada 13 genotipe menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang tinggi. Hasil analisis kelompok berdasarkan penanda morfologi memisahkan antara genotipe hasil perbanyakan secara in vitro yang ditambah ZPT dengan tanaman kontrolnya ke dalam 4 kelompok dengan nilai koefisen similaritas 45,6%. Hasil analisis kelompok berdasarkan penanda molekuler memisahkan antara genotipe hasil perbanyakan secara in vitro yang ditambah ZPT dengan tanaman kontrolnya ke dalam 3 kelompok dengan nilai koefisen similaritas 66,0%.
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