BAKTERI ENDOFIT YANG DIISOLASI DARI AKAR Eurycoma longifolia DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI PENGENDALI JAMUR PATOGEN TANAMAN
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Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia (pasak bumi) dikenal sebagai tanaman obat yang mengandung beberapa senyawa aktif secara biologis. Penelitian mengenai bakteri endofit yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman pasak bumi berikut aktivitas biokontrolnya belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri endofit potensial dari tanaman E. longifolia yang memiliki aktivitas biokontrol terhadap empat strain uji jamur patogen tanaman, yaitu Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari akar E. longifola menggunakan metode plant piece dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan analisis gen 16S rRNA. Uji antagonis isolat bakteri dilakukan dengan metode konfrontasi ganda. Mekanisme penghambatan jamur patogen tanaman dievaluasi berdasarkan kemampuannya dalam memproduksi enzim hidrolisis, senyawa antibiotik, dan senyawa organik volatil. Dua isolat bakteri endofit berhasil diperoleh dan teridentifikasi sebagai Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Apb1) dan Serratia marcescens (Apb2). Isolat Apb2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan keempat jamur yang diuji dan menunjukkan aktivitas protease, kitinase dan selulase. Ekstrak kasar dan senyawa organik volatil yang dihasilkan oleh isolat Apb2 aktif menghambat pertumbuhan F. solani.
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