THE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EFFECTS OF Persea Americana ETHANOL EXTRACT AS AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT IN PREDNISONE-INDUCED RATS
Main Article Content
Abstract
Hypertension impacts the quantity of free radicals within the body. This study aimed to investigate the effect of antihypertension based on free radical levels in the predni-sone-induced rats, focusing on evaluating specific anti-hypertensive fraction of avoca-do leaves. The study's methods conducting GC-MS, anti-hypertensive, and assessing malondialdehyde levels and catalase enzyme. Systolic blood pressure measurements indicated that the positive control (131 ± 3 mmHg) and ethyl acetate fraction (136 ± 4 mmHg) were statistically similar, significantly different from the negative control group. Diastolic blood pressure measurements showed a blood pressure decreasing in posi-tive control (105 ± 7) that similar statistically with ethyl acetate fraction (104 ± 6), and significantly difference with negative control group. Malondialdehyde levels were nota-bly elevated in both the positive control (37.79 ± 5.47) and ethyl acetate fraction (38.01 ± 5.47) compared to the negative control (-9.07 ± 10.10), indicating increased free rad-ical. Catalase activity demonstrated significant differences, with the positive control (44.06 ± 5.44) and ethyl acetate fraction (44.05 ± 5.45) showing similar levels, both substantially higher than the negative control (13.90 ± 21.50). In summary, this study indentificates several flavonoid compounds that promising anti-hypertension effect from ethyl acetate fraction of avocado leaves extract.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b). Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Afqir, H., Belmalha, S., Farihi, A., Elbouzidi, A., Bouhrim, M., Elrherabi, A., ... & Ouhssine, M. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoid content, Antioxidant, Antibacterial activities, and functional groups of chemicals from Hypericum perforatum L., and Papaver Rhoeas L. flower extracts. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25.
Astika, E., Anggraeni, S., & Supriatno, B. (2020). Analisis Komponen Penyusun Desain Kegiatan Laboratorium Enzim Katalase:(Analysis of the Components of the Catalyst Enzyme Laboratory Design Activity). Biodik, 6(3), 336-351.
Cordiano, R., Di Gioacchino, M., Mangifesta, R., Panzera, C., Gangemi, S., & Minciullo, P. L. (2023). Malondialdehyde as a potential oxidative stress marker for allergy-oriented diseases: an update. Molecules, 28(16), 5979.
Courtney, A. (Ed.). (2012). Pocket handbook of nonhuman primate clinical medicine. CRC Press.
Dewi, N. W. O. A. C., Puspawati, N. M., Swantara, I. M. D., Asih, I. A. R. A., & Rita, W. S. (2014). Aktivitas antioksidan senyawa flavonoid ekstrak etanol biji terong belanda (Solanum betaceum, syn) dalam menghambat reaksi peroksidasi lemak pada plasma darah tikus wistar. Cakra Kimia, 2(1), 7-16.
Elisa, N., Anggoro, A. B., & Indriyanti, E. (2021). Aktivitas antihipertensi ekstrak dan fraksi-fraksi daun avokad (persea americana mill) pada tikus jantan dengan parameter sistolik dan diastolik. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 21(2), 145-154.
Griendling, K. K., Camargo, L. L., Rios, F. J., Alves-Lopes, R., Montezano, A. C., & Touyz, R. M. (2021). Oxidative stress and hypertension. Circulation research, 128(7), 993-1020.
Huang, Y., Chen, H., Liu, Q., Hu, J., Hu, D., Huang, Z., ... & Wan, R. (2023). Obesity difference on association blood malondialdehyde level and diastolic hypertension in the elderly population: a cross-sectional analysis. European Journal of Medical Research, 28(1), 44.
Jumardin, J., Rizal, A. S., Minarti, M., Thariq, A. M., Turayni, N., & Wahyullah, W. (2023). Identifikasi Unsur Tanah Litosol dengan Metode XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) Dan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Berdasarkan Titik Elevasi di Desa Samangki Kecamatan Simbang Kabupaten Maros. Karst: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Terapannya, 6(1), 33-41.
Kaban, A. N., Tarigan, D., & Saleh, C. (2016). Uji Fitokimia, Toksisitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi n-heksan dan Etil Asetat terhadap Ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. amarum). Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman, 14(1), 24-28.
Lianti, R. (2014). Khasiat Dahsyatnya Alpukat. Jakarta: Healthy Books
Mar'iyah, K., Rohman, A., Fajar, I., & Negara, C. (2022). The Effect of Giving Avocado Leaf Boiled Water on Lowering Blood Pressure in the Elderly with Hypertension in the Work Area Gambut Health Center.
Melati, P. (2021). Uji aktivitas antioksidan, sitotoksisitas dan GC-MS ekstrak metanol alga hijau Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) Feldmann dari pantai panjang Bengkulu. Jurnal Pengelolaan Laboratorium Sains dan Teknologi, 1(1), 10-24.
Munawara, U., Catanzaro, M., Xu, W., Tan, C., Hirokawa, K., Bosco, N., ... & Fulop, T. (2021). Hyperactivation of monocytes and macrophages in MCI patients contributes to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Immunity & Ageing, 18(1), 29.
Nur, S., Sami, F. J., Awaluddin, A., & Afsari, M. I. A. (2019). Korelasi antara kadar total flavonoid dan fenolik dari ekstrak dan fraksi daun jati putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy)(e-Journal), 5(1), 33-42.
Pratiwi, M. E., Peranginangin, J. M., Asiya, I. J., & Indrayati, A. (2022). Potensi Enzim Superoksida Dismutase dari Biji Jagung (Zea Mays L.) untuk Perbaikan Sel Fibroblas 3t3 Yang Dipaparkan Sinar Ultraviolet A. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 18(2), 164-177.
Pratiwi, U., & Cahyanto, W. T. (2023). Sosialisasi Hasil Kajian Sifat Optis Tanaman Lompong Hitam (Colocasa fontannesii) sebagai
Alternatif Obat Herba Penyembuh Luka pada Masyarakat Desa Triwarno-Banyuurip Purworejo. Jurnal Pengabdian Teknik dan Sains (JPTS), 3(2).
Purwanto, U. M. S., & Aprilia, K. (2022). Antioxidant Activity of Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Extract in Inhibiting Lipid Peroxidation. Current Biochemistry, 9(1), 26-37.
Qin, S., & Sihotang, S. (2020). Efektivitas ekstrak daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Pityrosporum ovale. Jurnal Kedokteran STM (Sains dan Teknologi Medik), 3(2), 75-81.
Rocha, S., Amaro, A., Ferreira-Junior, M. D., Proença, C., Silva, A. M., Costa, V. M., ... & Fernandes, E. (2024). Melanoxetin: A Hydroxylated Flavonoid Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Modulates Insulin Resistance and Glycation Pathways in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmaceutics, 16(2), 261.
Sumantri, I. B., Wahyuni, H. S., & Mustanti, L. F. (2020). Total phenolic, total flavonoid and phytochemical screening by FTIR spectroscopic of standardized extract of Mikania micrantha leaf. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(6).
Tobi, C. H. B., Saptarini, O., & Rahmawati, I. (2022). Aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak dan fraksi-fraksi biji pinang (Areca catechu L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. J Pharm Sci, 1, 57.
Tobi, C. H. B., & Pratiwi, M. E. (2023). Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus: Qualitative-Quantitative Test of Flavonoid Compound and Antibacterial Activity of Beluntas Leaves Purified Extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, 5(5), 766-776.
Wijayanti, E. (2023). Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid Total Dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Dan Fraksi N-Heksana-Etil Asetat-Air Kulit Delima Putih (Punica Granatum L.) Menggunakan Metode FRAP. Jurnal Medika Nusantara, 1(4), 259-271.
Xu Dong, X. D., Hu MengJiao, H. M., Wang YanQiu, W. Y., & Cui YuanLu, C. Y. (2019). Antioxidant activities of quercetin and its complexes for medicinal application.
Zhang, X., & Huang, Q. Z. (2014). Research on Tiered Tap Electricity Price. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 448, 4285-4291.