Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
JBBI, Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology & Bioscience (e-ISSN: 2548-611X & p-ISSN: 2442-2606), is Sinta 2 accredited journal which is published twice annually and provides scientific publication medium for researchers, engineers, practitioners, academicians, and observers in the field related to biotechnology and bioscience. This journal accepts original papers, review articles, case studies, and short communications written in English Language only (starting January 2022). The articles published are peer-reviewed by no less than two referees and cover various biotechnology subjects related to the field of agriculture, industry, health, environment, bioinformatics, as well as life sciences in general. Initiated at the then Biotech Centre, the journal is published by the Laboratory for Biotechnology, the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, BPPT. JBBI's access policy provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. JBBI is indexed by Dimensions, Crossref, Worldcat, Google Scholar, PKP Index, Road, Publons, Sciencegate, Scilit, Openaire, Reviewer Credit, Research Gate, Academic Resource Index, MIAR, SIS, Open Agrar, Base, Citefactor, DRJI, Biblioteka Glowna, Sinta, Garuda, ISJD, and One Search. JBBI, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (e-ISSN: 2548-611X & p-ISSN: 2442-2606), terbit dua kali setiap tahun dan menyediakan wadah publikasi ilmiah bagi peneliti, perekayasa, praktisi, akademisi, dan pengamat di bidang terkait bioteknologi dan biosains. Jurnal ini menerima karya tulis asli, artikel review, studi kasus, dan komunikasi singkat yang ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris saja (mulai Januari 2022). Artikel yang dipublikasikan adalah peer-review oleh tidak kurang dari dua mitra bestari dan mencakup berbagai bidang bioteknologi yang terkait dengan bidang pertanian, industri, kesehatan, lingkungan, bioinformatika, serta ilmu kehidupan pada umumnya. Awalnya dirintis Balai Pengkajian Bioteknologi, JBBI kini diterbitkan oleh Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT). JBBI memiliki kebijakan akses terbuka (open access) terkait isi publikasinya berdasarkan prinsip bahwa menampilkan hasil penelitian tersedia cuma-cuma bagi masyarakat mendukung pertukaran pengetahuan di tingkat dunia. JBBI diindeks oleh Dimensions, Crossref, Worldcat, Google Scholar, PKP Index, Road, Publons, Sciencegate, Scilit, Openaire, Reviewer Credit, Research Gate, Academic Resource Index, MIAR, SIS, Open Agrar, Base, Citefactor, DRJI, Biblioteka Glowna, Sinta, Garuda, ISJD, dan One Search.
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ANALYSIS OF THE RATIONALITY OF ANTIPLATELET USE IN ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS AT “X” HOSPITAL, SEMARANG CITY
Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke cases and remains a major global health problem. Antiplatelet agents are key for secondary prevention, but irrational use may reduce effectiveness and increase bleeding risk. This retrospective descriptive study evaluated the rationality of antiplatelet use in ischemic stroke patients at “X” Hospital, Semarang City, from January to July 2024. Patients aged ≥26 years with complete medical records were included. Rationality was assessed based on PNPK Stroke Guidelines (2019), AHA/ASA Guidelines (2021), and AHFS Drug Information (2024) using three indicators: appropriate drug, dose, and patient. A total of 111 patients (113 cases) met the inclusion criteria. Most were male (58.56%) and aged >65 years (36.04%), with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia as common comorbidities. Aspirin was the most used monotherapy (38.05%), and aspirin–clopidogrel the most frequent combination (37.17%). Drug selection accuracy was high (96.46%), while dose accuracy was low (44.25%). Antiplatelet use at “X” Hospital demonstrated rational drug selection but suboptimal dosing. Improved adherence to dosing guidelines and periodic prescription review are needed to enhance patient safety and treatment outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulistiyanto Wibowo, Yustisia Dian A, Restu Hasanah A.M https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
IMPROVEMENT OF SHEEP OOCYTE COMPETENCE IN VITRO THROUGH GLUTATHIONE ADDITION
Oocyte competence is a primary factor for the success of embryo production in vitro. This research aims to determine the effect of supplementation glutathione in sheep oocytes’ maturation and fertilization rates in vitro. In the first research, maturation oocytes were conducted in a medium supplemented with GSH at graded doses for 24 hours. In the second research, 1.0 mM GSH (the best dose from research I) was supplemented in the maturation medium, fertilization medium, and their combination for 14 hours. The higher oocyte maturation rates were significant (P < 0.05) in the GSH supplementation of 1.0 mM (87.00%). Furthermore, supplementation of GSH on the maturation medium resulted in a higher normal fertilization rate (56.43%) than in other groups. It is concluded that GSH supplementation on the maturation medium is more effective in increasing the competence of sheep oocytes to be mature and results in improved fertilization rates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mitha Yusmala, Iman Supriatna, Mohamad Agus Setiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS USING GC-MS IN METHANOL EXTRACTS OF KEISSI TUBERS (Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng)
Traditional medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive compounds that have the potential to be developed as raw materials for health products. One species used by the community in Mambi District, West Sulawesi, for cancer treatment is Belajang Keissi' (Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng). This study aims to identify the secondary metabolites contained in the methanol extract of Belajang Keissi' tubers. The extraction process was carried out using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent, followed by qualitative phytochemical testing and compound profile analysis using GC-MS. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the methanol extract of Belajang Keissi' tubers contained alkaloids and flavonoids. Further GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several dominant compounds, namely 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester; trans-13-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester; methyl stearate; 6H-dibenzo[a,g]quinolizine, 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-; and (±)-2,3,3′,4′-tetramethoxy-α-methyl-5-(prop-1-enyl)stilbene. These findings indicate that Belajang Keissi tubers have potential as a source of bioactive compounds that can support the development of traditional medicines based on natural ingredients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pince Salempa, Subakir Salnus, Hasri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
BIOREMEDIATION FORMULA: SPORULATION INDUCTION AND ENDOSPORE STABILITY OF Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 IN BIO-OSD
Oil-based soil pollution is a pressing global environmental issue and has serious impacts on ecosystems and human health. Hydrocarbon compounds, especially heavy fractions, are persistent and difficult to decompose naturally in a short time, thus requiring intervention to accelerate the environmental recovery process. This research focuses on developing strategies to increase the effectiveness of oil-contaminated soil degradation. The development of a palm oil-based oil spill dispersant (Bio-OSD) combined with bacterial endospores of Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 offers an innovative approach to bioremediation. This particular bacterial endospore was selected for its capacity to sustain the viability of a potent biological agent until the point of application. The bacterial growth process was monitored to determine the optimal harvesting time by measuring optical density (OD600) at hourly intervals using a spectrophotometer until the stationary phase was reached. Following the harvesting of bacterial cells, various stressors were applied to stimulate sporulation, which included high-temperature incubation (80°C), nutrient deprivation, and their synergistic combination. The efficacy of the sporulation process was validated through endospore staining with malachite green. The resultant endospore pellets were integrated into the Bio-OSD and subjected to viability assessments every three days over a 24-day period using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The biodegradative capacity of the Bio-OSD containing endospores was evaluated through the analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation in artificially contaminated soils (3%) across a 28-day incubation. Findings indicated that optimal bacterial cell production occurred in Nutrient Broth, with peak harvesting at 40 hours. Moreover, the most effective sporulation was attained under combined stress conditions specifically, exposure to high temperature (80 °C for 24 hours) concomitant with nutrient deprivation (NaCl 0,85%) as demonstrated by the presence of green-stained endospores. This study provides evidence that Bio-OSD functions effectively as a stable carrier medium for bacterial endospores over a period of up to 24 days. The Bio-OSD formulation incorporating Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 endospores demonstrated the capability to degrade 78% of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in petroleum-contaminated soil after 28 days of incubation. This degradation efficiency was significantly superior to that of the control treatment, which achieved a mere 32% degradation under the same laboratory conditions. To enhance the understanding and application of this approach, further investigations are recommended to be conducted on a larger scale, along with optimization analyses, to facilitate the development of more sustainable environmental remediation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yeni Veronika Simatupang, Anas Fauzi, Moh. Yani, Erliza Hambali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ISOLATION, SCREENING, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH Acanthus ilicifolius L. IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
This study examines the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi linked to the mangrove plant A. ilicifolius against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in order to determine their bioprospecting potential. The surface-sterilized root, stem, and leaf tissues of A. ilicifolius yielded endophytic fungi. The workflow consisted of screening for viable isolates, culture under controlled circumstances, and molecular identification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) section of fungal rDNA. Antibacterial activity was determined using agar well diffusion tests after extraction with methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvent fractions. A total of 31 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered: 9 from roots, 15 from stems, and 7 from leaves. Among these, 5 isolates from roots (16.1%), 8 from stems (25.8%), and 5 from leaves (16.1%) exhibited inhibitory effects against MRSA. Isolate AK5, derived from root tissue, demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity and was molecularly identified as Chaetomium globosum strain NW 24 (Accession No. MN326469.1). The isolate revealed optimal growth at pH 5–6, with the maximum wet mycelial biomass (29.73 g) achieved on day 24 under shaker incubation. The methanol and ethyl acetate fractions had a considerably greater anti-MRSA efficacy than the n-hexane fraction. Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract indicated the presence of several bioactive components, including phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids, indicating that these constituents contribute to the reported antibacterial effects. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of A. ilicifolius-derived endophytic fungi as alternate sources of bioactive compounds for treating antibiotic-resistant infections, specifically MRSA.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putu Angga Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, I Gede Widhiantara, I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra, Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih, Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
METAGENOMIC EXPLORATION OF ECO-ENZYME PRODUCTION: UNVEILING ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND MICROBIOTA ABUNDANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
Globally, organic waste is steadily increasing, raising serious environmental challenges. A promising solution is the conversion of organic waste into Eco-Enzyme (EE), a fermented product widely applied in wastewater treatment, soil improvement, and fertilization. Despite its potential, few studies have characterized EE from a metagenomic perspective. This study examined enzymatic activities and microbial communities during EE production. EE was prepared from pineapple and orange peels mixed with palm sugar and water, then fermented for 90 days. The mixture was analyzed for enzymatic activities including amylase, cellulase, protease, chitinase, lignin and Mn peroxidase, peroxidase, glucanase, and catalase, and linked to waste degradation potential. Metagenomic sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technology revealed Terrabacteria (83%), dominated by Lacticaseibacillus and Lentilactobacillus, and Proteobacteria (17%) with Acetobacter fabarum prevalent in EE sample. The highest activity was catalase (5107 mU/ml), followed by chitinase, protease, and amylase. These results highlight EE’s microbial and enzymatic complexity, reinforcing its role in sustainable organic waste management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Haryo Tejo Prakoso, Galuh Wening Permatasari, Firda Dimawarnita, Donny Kalbuadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE POTENTIAL OF Zinnia elegans AND Bacillus sp. as Lead (Pb) BIOREMEDIATION AGENTS
Lead (Pb) pollution in soil is a serious problem that reduces crop productivity. One approach to address this issue is through bioremediation and Phytoremediation, using microorganism and plants that can tolerate and bind heavy metals. This study examine the potential of Zinnia elegans (Jacq.) and Bacillus sp., and in combination to reduce Pb in soil. The experiment lasted 60 days using a completely randomized design with six treatments: P0 (control, Pb-contaminated soil without plants or bacteria), P1 (Z. elegans only), P2 (Bacillus sp. only), P3 (combination), P4 (non-contaminated soil with Z. elegans and Bacillus sp.), and P5 (non-contaminated soil with Z. elegans only). The results showed that treatment P3 reduced Pb concentration by 62.31 ppm, while no significant differences were observed among treatments in terms of plant growth parameters. Combining Z. elegans with Bacillus sp. may serve as a practical approach to enhance Pb remediation in contaminated soils.
Copyright (c) 2025 Regina Rosari Febiola, Endang Triwahyu Prasetyawati, Herry Nirwanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
CURRENT UNDERSTANDING IN THE ROLES OF WNT/RYK SIGNALING IN DEVELOPMENT AND HOMEOSTASIS
Wnt/Ryk signaling represents a critical yet underexplored branch of the Wnt pathway, with significant roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. While canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been extensively studied, emerging research highlights Ryk as a key noncanonical Wnt co-receptor influencing processes such as convergent extension, organogenesis, stem cell regulation, and inflammation. Wnt/Ryk signaling mediates diverse cellular outcomes through interactions with ligands like Wnt5a and Wnt11 and exhibits complex crosstalk with canonical pathways. Its dysregulation has been linked to developmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer progression. This review summarizes current insights into Wnt/Ryk function during development and homeostasis, highlights its relevance in human health, and identifies open questions regarding its molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. A deeper understanding of this pathway may offer novel strategies for regenerative medicine and targeted treatments for Wnt-related diseases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Natalie Chandra Wijaya, Jimmy Suryadi, Adi Yulandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
SORUS MORPHOLOGY IN FERNS OF THE Polypodiaceae AND Tectariaceae FAMILIES IN THE ATO WATU WATERFALL AREA, AMONGGEDO DISTRICT
This study aims to determine the shape, color, and location of sori as well as the presence or absence of annulus in ferns (Pteridophyta) of the Polypodiaceae and Tectariaceae families in the Ato Watu Waterfall area, Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The method used in this study was qualitative descriptive research with an exploratory method by exploring the Ato Watu Waterfall area to collect fern samples that had sori. The results of the study found six species of ferns in the Polypodiaceae family, including Drynaria quercifolia (L.), J, Lemmaphyllum accedens (Blume), Leptochilus henryi (Baker) X.C.Zhang, Microsorum membranifolium (R.Br.) Ching, Pyrrosia longifolia (Burm.fil.) C.V.Morton, Selliguea heterocarpa BI., FI. Jav (Mehltreter, et al., 2010: 835-838) And 5 species of ferns from the Tectriaceae family, including Tectaria angulata (Sw.) S. Chandra, Tectaria aurita (Sw.) S. Chandra, Tectaria barberi (Hook), Tectaria devaxa (Kze) Copel, Tectaria fuscipes (Wall. ex Bedd) C. Chr,. Of the 6 species of the Polypodiaceae family, 5 species of the Tectariaceae family found, they have different sorus characteristics, and each species has an annulus (Shin & Keun, 2017: 317-320).
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmawati Munir, Andi Besse Tenriawaru, Sirniawan Sirniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ISOLATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS FROM CASSAVA ROOT TAPAI BY TRADITIONAL FERMENTED
Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms has become a growing global health concern, necessitating the search for new natural sources of antimicrobial compounds. Cassava tapai, a traditional Indonesian fermented food, contains molds, yeasts, and bacteria with potential antibiotic-producing abilities. This study aimed to isolate and characterize antibiotic-producing microorganisms from cassava tapai fermented with local Sulawesi ‘Ragi’. Isolation, colony morphology characterization, and antibiotic activity tests were conducted using the Kirby–Bauer method against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Inhibition zones were measured with a digital caliper, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test or Kruskal–Wallis followed by the Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05). Three isolates Bb1, Bb2, and Wk3 exhibited significant antibiotic activity, with Bb1 showing stronger inhibition against E. Coli ATCC 35218. These results highlight confirms the potential of cassava tapai as a promising source of antibiotic-producing microorganisms for future antimicrobial discovery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhayani H. Muhiddin, Nurul Hidayah, Netty Herawati, Ramlawati, Fitrah Sukmadewi. M, Dwi Darmayani , Marnia, Nur Afni Yunita Idris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
UNVEILING THE ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF KEMUNING LEAVES (Murraya paniculata L. Jack): AN IN-SILICO EXPLORATION OF DPP-4 INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global health issue associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Murraya paniculata L. Jack (kemuning) has shown antidiabetic potential, yet its role as a DPP-4 inhibitor remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the potential of kemuning leaf bioactive compounds as natural DPP-4 inhibitors through an in-silico approach. Compound structures were obtained from the PubChem database and analyzed using AutoDock Vina for molecular docking against the DPP-4 protein. Pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and drug-likeness were evaluated using pkCSM and SwissADME, while complex stability was assessed through molecular dynamics simulation (RMSF). The results showed that most compounds demonstrated favorable binding affinities (−6.8 to −7.9 kcal/mol), along with acceptable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. Among the tested compounds, 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid emerged as the most promising candidate for natural DPP-4 inhibition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arif Ladika Wiratama, Taurisma Aulia Nanda, Farsya Hidayah, Anditri Weningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BULL SPERM MOTILITY AND CONCENTRATION: CONVENTIONAL METHODS VERSUS PORTABLE ANDROSCOPE CASA SYSTEM
Operational implementation, such as laboratory staff and equipment, differ for each frozen semen producer, resulting in variability in the quality assessment of the frozen semen produced. Conventional assessments subject to subjectivity, human error, and high variability. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) is considered more objective. This study aimed was to conduct a comparative analysis of motility and concentration assessment of frozen semen sperm using conventional and the portable CASA AndroScope. Twenty-one laboratory assistants from 21 national and regional frozen semen producers participated in this study. Sperm motility and concentration were assessed conventionally (using a Neubauer chamber) and AndroScope was used with five replicates. The results of the comparison of sperm motility scores revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between conventional examination and using AndroScope. The results of the comparison of the sperm concentration calculations revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the calculations performed using the Neubauer chamber and AndroScope. Assessment with the AndroScope is considered reliable and can replace conventional assessment in assessing motility and sperm concentration, thereby improving and standardizing the assessment performed by frozen semen producers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raden Iis Arifiantini, Khalis Talitha Gusman, Muhammad Agil, Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
CHARACTERISTICS AND KINEMATICS OF RAM FROZEN-THAWED SPERM MOVEMENT WITH DIFFERENT LECITHIN TYPES
This study evaluated the effectiveness of animal, plant, and synthetic lecithin-based extenders in preserving local Indonesian ram semen during cryopreservation. Post-thaw sperm quality was assessed using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA), focusing on motility, viability, membrane integrity, and kinematics. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% significance level. Results showed that sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the animal lecithin-based extender (53.66±1.33%, 66.45±2.50%, and 67.68±2.33%, respectively) compared to plant (51.84±0.48%, 62.98±1.94%, and 64.27±1.51%) and synthetic (50.14±0.22%, 60.72±0.81%, 62.44±1.37%) extenders. While kinematic parameters were not significantly different among groups, synthetic lecithin showed slightly higher values in velocity-related measures, whereas animal lecithin resulted in the most consistent improvement in overall sperm quality. All lecithin-based extenders met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for semen quality, and sperm kinematics remained within optimal fertilization values after cryopreservation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asman Ramadhan Damanik, Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja, Mohamad Agus Setiadi , Ekayanti Mulyawati Kaiin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE IMPACT OF MOBILE HEALTH ON HEALTHY LIFESTYLE COMPLIANCE AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Compliance with a healthy lifestyle and improving the quality of life of patients can be done through education with mobile health to prevent long-term complications in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Aims of the research this is to know the impact of mobile health on healthy lifestyle compliance and the quality of life of DM patients. In this research, these are PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. The search review uses the keywords "Diabetes Mellitus," "Mobile Health," "Healthy Lifestyle Compliance," and "Quality of Life" in the articles. Based on the results, 12 out of 305 articles were identified as feasible. Analysis showed that mobile health can be used for improving healthy lifestyle compliance, and improving the quality of life among DM patients. The time DM patients used mobile health application for education varies greatly. Mobile health has great potential to help improve compliance with lifestyle health, and quality of life for DM patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Winanda Rizki Bagus Santosa, Sujatmiko Sujatmiko, Wahyu Sri Astutik, Galuh Dharanindya Ica Manohara, Ida Rizqa Nuraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
UTILIZATION OF INDONESIAN STRAIN ACTINOBACTERIA TO FACE THE THREAT OF BIOFILM AS THE MAIN CAUSE OF HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION
Health Care Associated Infection (HCAI) is one of the global infectious diseases that is expected to cause around 10 million deaths by 2050. One of the main causes is biofilm, an exopolysaccharide layer formed by bacteria, often found on medical equipment such as catheters, and has high resistance to antibiotics. Prevention efforts can be made through the search for antibiofilm compounds. Actinobacteria are known to produce potential bioactive compounds. This study utilized Actinobacteria strains from the waters of Bitung, North Sulawesi (code BT-023-026) to explore their antibiofilm potential through isolation, laboratory tests, and genetic analysis, followed by expert confirmation in the fields of intelligence, BPOM, and microbiology. The results show the great potential of BT-023-026 as an antibiofilm agent to prevent antibiotic resistance due to HCAI, while playing a strategic role in biodefense and strengthening health security through early warning and early detection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bian Dwi Cahyo, Dwi Retnowati, Puspita Lisdiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF AS A POTENTIAL ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENT: AN IN VITRO EVALUATION
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, one of which is triggered by an imbalance between fibrin formation and fibrinolysis processes, leading to fibrin accumulation that can lead to thrombosis. Commercial thrombolytic agents are currently widely used, but their use is known to cause serious side effects often and have limited effectiveness. This gap encourages initial screening of natural materials as an effort to explore the potential of new thrombolytic agents in the future. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf filtrate at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% as an antithrombotic agent through qualitative identification of secondary metabolites and testing of thrombolytic activity and anticoagulant ability in vitro. The results showed that Moringa leaf filtrate at a concentration of 25% was able to lyse blood clots by 60%, compared to the positive control nattokinase (82%), with a relative effectiveness of 71.7%. In vitro anticoagulant activity testing showed an extension of blood clotting time from 10 minutes (control) to 35 minutes in the treatment. ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference between concentrations (p < 0.05). These findings support the initial potential of this natural product as a candidate antithrombotic agent and provide a scientific basis for further research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bio Putri Ayanti, Nurbidayah Nurbidayah, Nurul Amalia, Syafina Azzahra, Amalia Amini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE VAPOR OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon nardus) ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE DIFFUSER AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT AND TRANQUILIZER
The COVID-19 pandemic and dengue fever present significant health challenges, especially in tropical regions such as Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the potential of citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus) vapor, delivered via a diffuser, as both a tranquilizer and mosquito repellent. Citronella oil was isolated by water distillation and analyzed through GC-MS and TLC. The tranquilizing effect was evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), while the mosquito repellent activity was tested against Aedes aegypti. Results showed that citronella oil contains key compounds such as citronellal, eugenol, cytronellol acetate and geraniol acetate. DASS scores decreased after exposure to citronella oil vapor, indicating its tranquilizing effect. In the mosquito repellent test, citronella oil caused a 68% mortality rate in Aedes aegypti after 60 minutes. These findings suggest that citronella essential oil vapor from diffusers is effective as both a tranquilizer and mosquito repellent.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sendy Junedi, Salsa Billa Putri Renanda, Evelin Erlinda Elma Callista, Gabriella Ayu Chintya Velania Nahak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
RECENT UPDATE OF ZERUMBONE AS ANTI-COLON CANCER AGENT: A REVIEW
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with limited effective therapies due to drug resistance and adverse effects. Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, has emerged as a promising natural anticancer agent. This review examines zerumbone's anti-colorectal cancer properties, including induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, inhibition of invasion and metastasis, anti-angiogenic activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, zerumbone demonstrates antioxidant properties, modulates gut microbiota composition, and targets multiple signaling pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis. Structure-activity relationship studies reveal the critical role of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group in its bioactivity. Despite promising preclinical evidence, clinical validation remains necessary to establish zerumbone's therapeutic potential for colorectal cancer management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sarmoko Sarmoko, Riri Fauziyya, Miralda Zahra, Nisa Yulianti Suprahman, Winni Nur Auli, Arif Ashari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF SUBTILISIN-K2 FROM INDONESIAN MOROMI: EVALUATION OF ITS ANTITHROMBOTIC POTENTIAL FOR FUNCTIONAL FOOD APPLICATION
Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes are commonly found in various fermented foods of both plant and animal origin. While extensive studies have been conducted in Japan, Korea, and China, research in Indonesia remains limited despite its rich diversity of fermented foods. Moromi, an intermediate product of soy sauce fermentation, contains Subtilisin-K2, an enzyme proven in vitro to degrade fibrin and fibrinogen, indicating potential antithrombotic activity. This study investigated the antithrombotic properties of Subtilisin-K2 using bioinformatic approaches, including molecular docking (HADDOCK) and molecular dynamics (GROMACS). Subtilisin-K2 exhibited strong binding affinities with fibrin, fibrinogen, PAI-1, PAI-2, and α-antiplasmin, with Gibbs free energy values of –19.4, –15.6, –15.7, –18.2, and –13.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics confirmed the stability of these complexes. These findings suggest that Subtilisin-K2 from Indonesian moromi exhibits significant bioactivity, underscoring the potential of Indonesian fermented products as valuable sources of functional enzymes, especially as antithrombotic potential.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fathma Syahbanu, Ratih Kurniasari, Linda Riski Sefrina, Muhammad Alfid Kurnianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
COMPARATIVE pH ANALYSIS: HOMEMADE COLD CLAY VERSUS COMMERCIAL CLAY FOR CHILD SAFETY
Cold clay, as a non-baking children's play medium, needs to be assessed for its chemical and physical safety, particularly its pH parameters, to ensure safety for children's skin and environmental sustainability. This study aims to characterize the pH of cold clay by comparing homemade and manufactured products. A total of six samples were tested: one homemade (based on polyvinyl acetate, cornstarch, and additives) and five manufactured, colorful ones. The pH measurements were performed using a digital pH meter with three replications, then statistically analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) between the two groups. Homemade samples had an average pH of 4.75 ± 0.06 (acidic), while manufactured samples ranged from 7.16–7.53 (neutral to slightly alkaline). From a dermatological perspective, homemade pH, which is closer to the natural pH of children's skin (~5.5), is considered safer for long-term contact because it does not disrupt the acid mantle. In contrast, the neutral pH of manufactured products showed better chemical stability but potentially poses challenges in waste management. These findings emphasize the importance of pH characterization in selecting safe materials for the intended application. The study recommends consideration of pH parameters for parents, educators, and industry, as well as the need for further studies on toxicity and environmental impacts to ensure overall safety.
Copyright (c) 2025 Centaury Harjani, Dwi Aditiyarini, Vinsa Cantya Prakasita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
OPTIMIZATION AND EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME PCR FOR LEPTOSPIRA SPP. DIAGNOSIS BASED ON THE LIPL32 GENE
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic infection that endangers the health of both humans and animals, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, timely, sensitive and specific laboratory confirmation is essential for early clinical management. The LipL32 gene is a highly conserved virulence factor in pathogenic Leptospira. Real-time PCR provides rapid detection with high sensitivity and specificity. This study optimized real-time PCR conditions by evaluating annealing temperatures (60°C, 61°C, 62°C), primer concentrations (500 nM, 700 nM, 900 nM), and probe concentrations (250 nM, 300 nM). PCR efficiency was analyzed using absolute quantification with serial DNA dilutions (100 to 10⁻⁴). The optimal conditions were 60°C annealing temperature, 500 nM primers, and 300 nM probes. Near-ideal efficiency (97%) was achieved at 60°C with 500 nM primers and 250 nM or 300 nM probes, while 103% efficiency was observed at 61°C with 500 nM primers and 250 nM probes. This optimization enhances Leptospira detection accuracy using real-time PCR.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizal Pratama Sulaeman, Rohayati, Fusvita Merdekawati, Yuliansyah Sundara Mulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE ABUNDANCE OF ANTS (FORMICIDAE) IN COFFEE PLANTATIONS OF MERAPI, LAHAT DISTRICT
Ants are widely used as ecological indicators in agricultural landscapes, yet community responses can vary across local environmental gradients. This study assessed ground-active ant assemblages in coffee plantations in Merapi, Lahat (South Sumatra, Indonesia) at sites categorized as near versus far from a coal-mining area, using pitfall traps and community-level metrics. Mean temperatures during sampling were nearly identical between site categories (near 30.54 °C; far 30.56 °C). Ant assemblages showed contrasting patterns in richness and abundance: far sites contained six taxa but a lower total number of individuals (117), while near sites contained three taxa but higher total abundance (209). Species composition differed markedly, with far sites dominated by Solenopsis invicta and near sites dominated by Leptogenys sp. and Myopias emeryi. Diversity indices reflected these patterns: Shannon diversity was higher far from the mine (0.8906) than near (0.7215), while Simpson dominance was slightly higher far (0.5607) than near (0.5219), and evenness was higher near (0.6567) than far (0.4971). These findings indicate an association between distance class and ant community structure in coffee plantations, characterized by higher richness but stronger dominance at far sites and higher abundance but lower richness at near sites; however, conclusions about mining impacts should remain cautious given the observational design.
Copyright (c) 2025 Novin Teristiandi, Meta Yuliana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS OF HYDROCOLLOID USE ON WOUND HEALING PROCESS IN WOUND PATIENTS AT HANIFAH MEDIKA CENTER PRIMARY CLINIC
Wounds due to tissue damage can be caused by pressure, friction, extreme temperatures, or infection. WHO from 2022 recorded a wound prevalence of 3.50 per 1000 population, with the majority of cases resulting from surgery or trauma (48%). In Indonesia, around 35% of the population experiences wounds, with pressure ulcers reaching 20%. Nurses play a crucial role in wound care, including the selection of appropriate dressings. Hydrocolloid is a modern dressing that protects wounds from water, air, and bacteria, and creates a moist environment to accelerate healing. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Hydrocolloid in accelerating the wound healing process at the Hanifah Medika Center Primary Clinic. Aim to examine the effect of using the hydrocolloid on wound healing process in wound patient at Hanifah Medica Center clinic. Methods This study was a quantitative design with the Quasi-Experiment methode without a Control Group Pre-Test - Post-Test. In this design, the intervention is given to one group without a control group for comparison. Results: The results showed that mean of pre-test Winner scale score of 28.23 ± 3.093 and a post-test score of 15.63 ± 3.090. The research results indicate a difference in the Winner scale assessment scores between the pre-test and post-test, with a P-value of 0.000 (p-<0.05). Conclusion There was a decrease in wound assessment scores using the Winner scale, with a pre-test score of 28.23 ± 3.093 and a post-test score of 15.63 ± 3.090. which means that the use of Hydrocolloid is effective in the wound healing process. Suggestion: It is suggested that nurses, healthcare institutions, and wound patients can use Hydrocolloid as a dressing continuously. The three of them become one of the efforts in the wound healing process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Naziyah Naziyah, Maryati Maryati, Rizki Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PATIENT OUTCOMES AND SATISFACTION IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED HIP AND KNEE JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERY
Robotic-assisted hip and knee arthroplasty has gained popularity in orthopedic surgery due to its precision, faster recovery, and improved alignment, potentially enhancing patient outcomes. Despite mixed and heterogeneous evidence, the demand for these procedures continues to rise. Therefore, bibliometric analysis is essential to direct research towards patient satisfaction and generate more reliable and significant evidence proving the true benefits of robotic surgery for patients, rather than merely technical success. This study employed bibliometric analysis to explore trends and evaluate publications on patient outcomes and satisfaction in robotic-assisted hip and knee surgery using the Scopus database. The analysis identified core concepts, trends, and research connections, providing insights into emerging areas in the field. The bibliometric analysis of 324 documents from 2007 to 2025 reveals a significant increase in research, focusing on surgical precision, rehabilitation, and long-term effectiveness. While countries like the US, UK, and China are leading contributors, there is a notable lack of similar research in ASEAN countries, particularly Indonesia. Future research should address gaps in areas like surgical revision, patient perception, and improving patient-reported outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bintang Soetjahjo, Asep Santoso, Grendi Mercy, Denny Adriansyah, Agiona Angeline, Daffa Sadewa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Violacein is a bacterial secondary product with various bioactivities, including anticancer activities. This narrative review aimed to evaluate anticancer potentials based on its modes of action, either at cellular, subcellular, or molecular levels or in tumour microenvironment. At cellular level, violacein can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and cell differentiation. At subcellular level, violacein can modulate processes in mitochondria. At molecular level, violacein can generate reactive oxygen species, attenuate inflammation, repair oncogenes, upregulate suppression genes, inhibit or activate several cancer vital enzymes, and control various signalling pathways. Violacein indirectly influences communication between cancer cells and their tumour microenvironment by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and inhibiting metalloproteinases and angiogenesis. Violacein inactivates several signalling pathways, including MAPK, Akt/NF-kB, JAK2/STAT3, and TGFβ, which are essential for cancer cell development. Violacein is a promising anticancer drug candidate with broad coverage of various cancer diseases and diverse modes of action.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adit Widodo Santoso, Adelina Simamora, Margretha Margretha, Kris Herawan Timotius https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE ROLE OF AgNPs AND AB Mix IN THE GROWTH OF Aglaonema 'LADY VALENTINE' IN VITRO & EX VITRO
Aglaonema ‘Lady Valentine’ is a popular ornamental plant with significant economic value. Conventional propagation methods have limitations, making tissue culture and acclimatization viable alternatives. However, low shoot multiplication and slow acclimatization remain major challenges. This study investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AB Mix nutrient concentrations on in vitro and ex vitro plantlet growth using a two-factorial completely randomized design with four levels and three replications. The results showed varied growth responses, with the best performance observed in the 2 ppm AgNPs and 3 ml/L AB Mix treatment, which increased plantlet height, volume, and visual health. In ex vitro conditions, both 2 ppm and 3 ppm AgNPs combined with 3 ml/L AB Mix supported better plantlet adaptation, as seen in increased height, number of leaves and shoots, and seedling viability. Overall, the combination of 2 ppm AgNPs and 3 ml/L AB Mix proved most effective for enhancing multiplication and acclimatization
Copyright (c) 2025 Damasa Ines Larrisa, Pangesti Nugrahani, Sri Wiyatiningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
HEMATOLOGY AND URINAL ANALYSIS PROFILE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) constitutes a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and consequential hyperglycemia. This state of elevated blood glucose can precipitate various complications, potentially influencing hematological parameters and urinary composition. This study aims to delineate the demographic characteristics, hematological profiles, and urinalysis results of individuals diagnosed with T2DM. Employing an observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, the research examined T2DM patients who underwent laboratory testing at RSD Idaman Banjarbaru. The findings indicate that, from a total of 40 patients, the majority (n=18, 45%) belonged to the 46–55-year age cohort. Regarding gender distribution, female patients were more predominant, comprising 29 individuals (72.5%), compared to 11 male patients (27.5%). Most T2DM patients presented with hematological parameters within normal limits. However, specific hematological disturbances were still identified, notably reductions in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), alongside alterations in leukocyte differential counts. These anomalies may correlate with inflammatory complications or anemia prevalent in the T2DM population. Microscopic urinalysis revealed a high frequency of abnormalities across several parameters. Abnormal epithelial cells were observed in 26 patients (65%), aberrant erythrocytes in 28 patients (70%), and atypical leukocytes in 26 patients (65%). The most prevalent finding was abnormal urinary crystals, detected in 33 patients (82.5%). These results underscore the necessity for consistent renal health monitoring and proactive management in diabetic care. In conclusion, the hematological and urinalysis profiles of T2DM patients offer preliminary insights into their clinical status and the extent of associated complications, serving as valuable indicators for comprehensive patient management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizka Ayu Wahyuni, Nurbidayah Nurbidayah, Nurul Amalia, Aulia Syafa Al Fitri, Noor Zahwa Mubarakah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA FROM FOOD COURT WASTEWATER BASED ON 16S rRNA GENE SEQUENCES
Environmental safety and public health are greatly influenced by the microbiological elements such as bacterial community, where these organisms can be used as indicators of environmental quality and sources of potential biological hazards. The identification of bacteria in wastewater is an important aspect of environmental microbiology studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the bacterial species in food court wastewater at State University of Surabaya (UNESA) Campus 1. The methods used were exploratory, including bacterial cultivation, DNA extraction, quantitative and qualitative DNA analysis, amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments, sequencing, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. From phylogenetic analysis, five test isolates were related to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Chromatiaceae, and Halomonadaceae. Isolates BU4 and BU5 were most closely related to genus Aeromonas with a similarity of 98.60% and 97.27%, respectively, while isolate BU3 was closely related to genus Klebsiella with a similarity of 96.91%. Meanwhile, isolates BU1 and BU2 cannot yet be identified into a bacterial genus. The results of this study provide important information regarding the prediction of pathogenic bacteria types, which can serve as the basis for recommending further action to prevent disease, improve water quality, and increase the sterility of the food court area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indah Nur Elasari , Rihan Ali Abdillah , Satria Prasna Dewa , Jafni Amanda Kinarossa Widjaja, Lisa Lisdiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0