Pengaruh Ukuran Partikulat Hasil Gasifikasi Batubara Terhadap Efisiensi Wet Scrubber

Abstract

Syngas dari gasifikasi batubara mengandung komponen pengotor seperti tar, char, H₂O,  ash_, NH₃, H₂S dan COS. Zat-zat pengotor tersebut dibagi mejadi dua fase, yaitu fase gas (uap) dan fase padatan (partikulat). Selanjutnya, syngas akan dibersihkan dari pengotornya menggunakan cyclone, wet scrubber dan wet ESP. Dalam penelitian ini, jenis wet scrubber yang digunakan adalah venturi scrubber. Efisiensi dari venturi scubber ini ditentukan oleh ukuran partikulat pengotor dalam syngas. Syngas dari cyclone dianalisa ukuran partikulatnya menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer dan didapatkan grup ukuran partikulat dalam mikrometer (%vol), yaitu 0 – 1 (8,81%), 1 – 2 (12,51%), 2 – 4 (27,33%), 4 – 6 (15,94%), 6 – 8 (10,25%), 8 – 10 (6,7%), 10 – 20 (10,66%), 20 – 40 (4,96%), 40 – 60 (2,6%), dan 60 – 80 (0,17%). Lalu, data tersebut dianalisa dengan debit (flow rate) dan fraksi massa umpan venturi scrubber, maka didapatkan hasil efisiensi venturi scrubber sebesar 97,48%.

Syngas from coal gasifiation consist of various impurities such as tar, char, H₂O, ash, NH3, H2S and COS. Those impurities can be classified into two phase groups, which are gas phase (includes vapor) and solid phase (particulates). After gasification, syngas will be purified or cleaned from its impurities with some equipments such as cyclone, wet scrubber and wet ESP. The wet scrubber type that is used in this research is venturi scrubber. The scrubber efficiency is determined by the amount of particulate in syngas. Particulate size in syngas from cyclone is analyzed using Particle Size Analyzer, to obtain data of particulate sizes in micrometer (%vol), which are yaitu 0 – 1 (8,81%), 1 – 2 (12,51%), 2 – 4 (27,33%), 4 – 6 (15,94%), 6 – 8 (10,25%), 8 – 10 (6,7%), 10 – 20 (10,66%), 20 – 40 (4,96%), 40 – 60 (2,6%), dan 60 – 80 (0,17%). Then, those data are calculated together with the flow rate and mass fraction of scrubber feed, to get venturi scrubber effficiency 97,48%.