Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan

Measuring Indonesian Cocoa Agroindustry Competitiveness from a Global Value Chain Perspective

Dianawati — 2023-12-31

Indonesian cocoa products in international trade face challenges in quality, food safety, and environmental requirements. Developing the cocoa agro-industry is essential to meet those global demands. The research aims to analyze the competitiveness of business in Indonesian cocoa products using the Global Value Chain (GVC), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) methodology. Research data uses the time series of Indonesian cocoa product export trade from 2001-2020. From a GVC perspective, the diversity of cocoa product exporters and the same competition drive a significant increase in competitiveness. Market access opportunities and regulatory support will encourage domestic industrial growth by utilizing efficient supply chains and making Indonesia part of the global production network. Cocoa products require economic value, from dry beans to ready-to-consume products. They are improving farmer’s bargaining position towards agro-industry institutions and better stakeholder coordination. The results of RCA show the comparative advantage of Indonesia cocoa exporters for HS code products 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, and 1805 in the international market. The stages of identification of Indonesian cocoa products are the maturity stage for cocoa beans, the commercial maturity stage for cocoa paste and butter products, and the growth stage for cocoa product powder.

Perdagangan Intra Industri Kakao Indonesia dengan Negara Mitra

Andi Tenri Darhyati — 2023-12-31

Intra-industry trade (IIT) is trade in the same product between one country and another. Cocoa is an Indonesian agricultural commodity that tends to carry out intra-industry trade. This research aims to analyze intra-industry trade relations between Indonesian Cocoa and trading partner countries and the factors that influence intra-industry trade in Indonesian Cocoa. This research uses panel data from a period from 2016-2021. The best model chosen was the Random Effect Model (REM). The analysis method used is the Intra Industry Trade Index and Gravity Model. The results of the analysis show that the country that has strong integration in intra-industry trade in cocoa is Indonesia and Malaysia. IIT in Indonesian cocoa with partner countries is still predominantly weakly integrated. The factors that influence intra-Indonesian cocoa industry trade are the average of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita between countries, differences in GDP between countries, differences in GDP per capita between countries, and foreign direct investment (FDI). The government needs to maintain IIT with Malaysia, which has strong integration and has the potential to increase FDI. Meanwhile, increasing intra-industry trade can be done by considering increased exports and transfer of technology and knowledge.

Ekspor Teh Hitam Indonesia ke Jepang: Struktur Pasar dan Daya Saing

Fikri Aldi Dwi Putro — 2023-12-31

Indonesian tea export to international market is dominated by black tea. Japan becomes the black tea export destination with big untapped export potential, but has volatile export value, thus hinders the optimization of black tea export potential to Japan. This study aims to analyze the market structure and competitiveness as well as determine the Indonesian black tea market expansion to Japan. This study employs Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Concentration Ratio (CR₄), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and X-Model Potential Export Products. The results show that the packaged and bulk black tea market structure in Japan is oligopoly. Indonesian bulk black tea gains comparative advantage, whereas Indonesian packaged black tea lacks comparative advantage in Japan market. Besides that, Indonesian bulk black tea has stronger competitive advantage over Indonesian packaged black tea. Furthermore, Indonesian bulk black tea is able to become the focus of export expansion to Japan at the moment.

Menavigasi Daya Saing dan Determinan Ekspor Unggulan Indonesia di Kawasan Carribean Community (Caricom)

Hotsawadi — 2023-12-31

CARICOM is an area that has trade potential to be explored by Indonesia. However, for Indonesia, this region has various challenges to explore considering that the countries that are members of it are non-traditional countries. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the competitiveness, competitor countries and determinants of exports of Indonesia's superior products to the CARICOM region. The analysis methods used are market share, RCA, EPD, X-Model and panel data regression. The results showed that ten commodities identified as Indonesia's leading products in the CARICOM region faced lost opportunity market positions on average and CARICOM countries were included in the category as potential market developments. The United States, European Union, Brazil, China, South Korea, Japan, Dominica Republic, Colombia and Trinidad and Tobago and Singapore were identified as Indonesia's competitors in CARICOM. In terms of export determinants, real GDP and investment positive and significant effect on the export of Indonesia's superior products to CARICOM. Meanwhile, inflation and the real exchange rate together have a significant and negative effect in contrast to the economic distance which has a negative but insignificant effect on the volume of Indonesia's exports to the CARICOM region.

Perbandingan Daya Saing Crude Palm Oil Indonesia dengan Malaysia di Negara Tujuan Utama Ekspor

Asrilis Saban — 2023-12-31

This study aims to analyze and compare the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO with Malaysia in each of the main export destination countries. This study’s data type is monthly data for the export-import of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with the code HS-151110. Competitiveness analysis between Indonesia-Malaysia CPO is calculated by RCA and MSI indicators. The development of Indonesia's CPO exports fluctuated from January 2020 to December 2021 with a negative development trend. During the period January 2020 to December 2021, Indonesian CPO has a comparative advantage in the Indian and Spanish markets, while Malaysian CPO has a comparative advantage in Italy and Kenya. Indonesian CPO has a larger market share in India and Spain and Malaysian CPO has a larger market share in Kenya, while in Italy the market share for Indonesian and Malaysian CPO is the same. Indonesia needs to increase CPO production and exports so that Indonesia’s CPO competitiveness and market share can be increased.