Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi
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Laktosa sebagai Material Dosimeter ESR Dosis Tinggi
Pemanfaatan iradiasi gamma dalam kehidupan sehari-hari cukup beragam, seperti sterilisasi, pasteurisasi, polimerisasi, mutasi bibit unggul, dan lain sebagainya. Tujuan iradiasi terpenuhi jika dosis dosis iradiasi terpenuhi dan tepat mengenai sampel. Dosis iradiasi yang terserap bahan dapat dipastikan dengan menggunakan dosimeter. Saat ini banyak penelitian menggunakan material baru untuk pengembangan dosimeter dosis tinggi. Penelitian tersebut dilakukan menggunakan Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). Material yang dapat dijadikan dosimeter ESR adalah material tersebut memiliki nilai g-value cukup besar, garis-garis spektrum yang tajam, kestabilan sinyal yang bagus pada temperatur ruang dan jumlah radikal bebas meningkat secara linier terhadap dosis iradiasi. Kriteria ini terdapat pada material disakarida. Jenis disakarida yang sedang diteliti umumnya adalah sukrosa dan laktosa. Namun, penelitian laktosa sebagai dosimeter ESR belum banyak dilakukan. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menggali potensi laktosa sebagai dosimeter ESR. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakterisasi laktosa sebagai dosimeter ESR dosis tinggi melalui iradiasi gamma. Pengujian yang dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi karakteristik laktosa sebagai dosimeter dosis tinggi adalah linieritas respon laktosa iradiasi terhada dosis iradiasi, microwave power, g-value, waktu kestabilan respon, peluruhan respon terhadap waktu, dan pengujian Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) untuk mengetahui perubahan gugus fungsi laktosa setelah iradiasi yang diduga menjadi penyebab munculnya sinyal ESR. Laktosa iradiasi memiliki respon linier terhadap dosis iradiasi pada rentang 250Gy – 80 kGy, waktu respon stabil 2 hari setelah iradiasi, g-value laktosa iradiasi 5 kGy,10 kGy dan 15 kGy secara berturut-turut 1,9991 ± 0,0002, 1,9991 ± 0,0003, dan 1,9989 ± 0,0001, terdapat gugus fungsi karbonil pada laktosa iradiasi 15 kGy dengan masa simpan 7 dan 23 hari, dan terdapat gugus fungsi nitro pada laktosa iradiasi 10 kGy dan 15 kGy dengan masa simpan 23 hari. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa laktosa baik digunakan sebagai dosimeter ESR dosis tinggi.
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Pengaruh Cekaman Kekeringan Berulang Fase Vegetatif dan Terminal pada Padi Gogo Mutan Towuti
Perubahan pola iklim dan curah hujan menyebabkan meningkatnya risiko kekeringan terutama di lahan kering. Cekaman kekeringan pada budidaya padi dapat terjadi secara tunggal maupun berulang atau sering disebut cekaman ganda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan respon pertumbuhan beberapa galur padi M3 dan varietas pembanding pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan pendek ganda yaitu kekeringan pada awal tanam saat vegetatif dan terminal saat pembungaan. Percobaan ini menggunakan 24 galur padi gogo M3, Varietas Towuti (cek Indukan), IR20 (cek peka), dan Salumpikit (cek toleran). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 24 galur padi M3, galur Tw16, Tw18 dan Tw22 merupakan galur yang toleran berdasarkan nilai derajat kekeringan (DTD), Skor recovey dan Skor daun mengering fase terminal. Nilai derajat kekeringan (DTD) beberapa galur mutan yang toleran (>0,85), memiliki skor daya tumbuh kembali yaitu <3 dan skor daun mengering fase terminal kurang dari 4. Cekaman kekeringan pada awal tanam dan terminal secara signifikan menurunkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan total. Galur Tw16, Tw18 dan Tw22 merupakan galur harapan yang akan diuji pada tahapan penanaman generasi M4.
Gamma Tomography as The Complementary Technique for Pipe Scale Investigation: Field Experiment at Petrochemical Plant
Crack gas flowing from furnace to gasoline fraction tower through BA-106 pipeline. The pipeline has not been inspected for 30 years of operation and it is suspected that there is pipe scale in it. The scaling reduces the inner diameter of the pipe which disrupt the pipeline flow rate that might cause a fatal accident. The scale particles also became impurities in the subsequent process. The information on scale conditions inside the pipeline is needed to determine further action to ensure safety and maintain the productivity of the plant. The gamma scanning technique was conducted at 18 points to diagnose the scaling profile inside the pipe. A collimated 2.96 GBq 137Cs radiation source emits a pencil beam of gamma photons to penetrate the pipe. A NaI(Tl) scintillation detector was placed opposite the gamma source to detect the photons. They were moving in parallel vertically and horizontally for every 10 mm step to get the attenuation profile of the pipe. Furthermore, a tomography scan was performed at selected points with 32 projections data. So far previous experiments were performed in the laboratory and the objects were smaller (less than 500 mm), however, the current experiment was performed in real industrial plants and the object diameter was about 1500 mm. The reconstructed image has been successful in showing the cross-sectional of the pipe that consists of scale inside it. The image was analyzed to get the percentage of the remaining fluid area due to scaling. The remaining fluid area was 56.15% of normal pipe without scale. It was proved that the gamma tomography technique is suitable for pipe scale measurement to get the cross-section visualization of the pipe.
Exploring the Radiation Techniques in Agricultural Wastewater Management
Radiation techniques have gained significant attention in the field of agricultural wastewater management due to their effectiveness in treating diverse contaminants. This review aims to explore the effects and applications of radiation techniques, including ultraviolet (UV), gamma-ray, and electron beam (EB). UV radiation utilizes ultraviolet light to break down organic pollutants, disinfect pathogens, and remove pesticides in agricultural wastewater. Besides, gamma radiation involves the use of ionizing radiation to interact with contaminants and induce degradation processes. Furthermore, EB radiation harnesses high-energy to degrade organic compounds in wastewater. The efficacy of radiation techniques in reducing pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, microorganisms or pathogens, and other organic pollutants has been widely demonstrated. These techniques offer advantages such as versatile applicability, precise targeting of contaminants, and the potential for water reuse in various agricultural sectors, such as crop irrigation, livestock farming, and food processing. However, optimizing process parameters, including radiation dose, dose rate, pH, and temperature, are crucial to maximize treatment efficiency. While radiation techniques have proven beneficial in numerous studies, potential environmental impacts must be addressed. Byproducts generated during radiation and their fate should be studied to evaluate their toxicity and persistence. Proper waste disposal, adherence to safety regulations, and monitoring programs are necessary to minimize risks and ensure the safe use of radiation techniques. In conclusion, UV-C radiation effectively use for surface disinfection, pathogen inactivation, certain pesticides and pharmaceutical residues degradation, while gamma-ray more effective than UV-C for microorganism sterilization and inactivation, pesticide and pharmaceutical residues degradation, as well as EB radiation has high dose rate and selective penetration, and the technique also has speed and precision, feasible for practical application. Thus, advancements in technology will further optimize the efficacy and sustainability of radiation-based wastewater treatment processes in agriculture.
Kemampuan Fiksasi Nitrogen Varietas Kedelai Batan yang Dikombinasikan dengan Rhizobium Menggunakan Teknik Isotop 15N
Rhizobium merupakan jenis bakteri yang mampu mengikat nitrogen bebas yang berada di udara menjadi ammonia (NH3) yang akan diubah menjadi asam amino yang selanjutnya menjadi senyawa nitrogen yang diperlukan tanaman untuk tumbuh dan berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengukur kemampuan fiksasi nitrogen varietas kedelai BATAN dan rhizobium dengan menggunakan teknik isotop 15N. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pertanian Ilmu Tanah Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional. Sampel diambil dari tanah asal Lombok . Perlakuan yang dicobakan meliputi :1) Varietas Rajabasa + Kontrol (Urea 15N 20 kg N/ha), 2) Varietas Rajabasa + Rhizobium + Urea 15N 20 kg N/ha , 3) Varietas Rajabasa + Urea 15N 100 kg N/ha. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang nyata antar semua perlakuan terhadap brangkasan, bobot biji, serapan N brangkasan dan serapan N biji.
Pengaruh Iradiasi Gamma Terhadap Daya Simpan Daun Pisang Tanpa Vakum
Daun pisang merupakan komoditas pertanian yang dapat diekspor ke luar negeri dan memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Ekspor daun pisang biasanya memakan waktu yang lama karena diberlakukannya proses karantina. Badan Karantina Pertanian menganjurkan penggunaan iradiasi gamma untuk memperpanjang daya simpan komoditas pertanian saat diekspor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pra-perlakuan dengan pembersihan menggunakan lap kain, iradiasi gamma, dan tanpa penggunaan vakum pada daya simpan daun pisang. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri dari preparasi sampel (perlakuan lap (L) dan non-lap (NL)), iradiasi gamma (0, 250, 500, dan 1000 Gy), analisis proksimat, Total Plate Count (TPC), intensitas warna, dan % kerusakan daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan iradiasi gamma mempengaruhi daya simpan daun pisang pada dosis tertentu dengan perlakuan NL. Berdasarkan hasil analisis proksimat, pemberian iradiasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, bahan kering, bahan organik, dan bahan abu pada daun pisang. Perbandingan TPC menunjukkan dosis 500 dan 1000 Gy mampu mengurangi hingga membunuh mikroorganisme pada semua perlakuan, namun hal ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap persentase kerusakan daun. Nilai intensitas warna pada hari ke-14 menunjukkan dosis 250 Gy pada perlakuan NL di semua sisi memiliki nilai L* lebih rendah dibandingkan 0 Gy (kontrol). Terjadi penurunan persentase kerusakan pada sampel daun pisang dosis 250 Gy di hari ke-14. Iradiasi dosis 250 Gy dengan perlakuan NL dapat menahan kerusakan daun pisang hingga 13,7%.
Observation of Schrinkage Indications in Excavator’s Bracket Casting Using Film Based Radiography
Experimental studies have been conducted to examine the casting quality of the excavator’s bracket sample using film-based conventional radiography. Referenced standards are ASME Section V Article 2 and/or ASME E94 about radiographic examination. There are 26 areas that have been exposured for the entire surface of the bracket sample. Under viewing, area number 13 revealed the most severe defects. Therefore area number 13 is discussed in this study. Area number 13 of the bracket sample with the thickness of 16 mm was exposured using Co-60 gamma rays radiation source with activity of 80 Ci. The exposure was performed from the distance of 360 mm for 27 second. The D7 medium speed radiographic film was used to record the latent image of the exposured sample. The exposured film was then developed in chemical solutions to convert the latent image into permanent image or radiograph. The radiograph is analyzed using a light viewer to see whether there are any indications in the sample being examined. Under viewing, indications of distributed shrinkage in the casting body were apparently observed. These indications are fall into category of C4 according to the radiograph album of ASME E446 standard for steel casting with thickness up to 2 in. (50.8 mm). Defects of C4 are categorized as bad. The experiment concludes that the casting quality of the excavator’s bracket is poor and it is recommended that the bracket should be repaired and re-tested radiographically. Otherwise, the bracket sample is prohibited to use for services because of unsafe reason.