Politik Pengetahuan Kolonial Dalam Relasi Guru Dan Murid Di Hindia Belanda: Hubungan Snouck Hurgronje Dan Hoesein Djajadiningrat
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article examines the politics of colonial knowledge as it operated through teacher–student relations within the educational context of the Dutch Indies, focusing on the relationship between Snouck Hurgronje and Hoesein Djajadiningrat as a primary case study. The aim of this study is to analyze Snouck’s motives in maintaining a long-term relationship with his indigenous student, to identify the personal dimensions that extended beyond formal academic relations, and to explore how this relationship shaped Hoesein’s intellectual orientation and career choices. The main sources consist of correspondence between Snouck and Hoesein from 1913 to 1935, institutional archives, and contemporary publications. The findings demonstrate that the relationship between Snouck and Hoesein was not neutral, but functioned as a crucial mechanism in the production, validation, and circulation of colonial knowledge. This relationship was sustained not only through academic supervision but also through personal bonds, financial patronage, and symbolic recognition that reinforced intellectual loyalty. Furthermore, Hoesein’s transition from an academic trajectory to the colonial bureaucracy reveals the ambivalence of the colonial education project, which succeeded in producing educated elites but failed to fully control the ways in which knowledge was ultimately deployed. This study concludes that colonial education operated as a system of social relations that intertwined knowledge, power, and emotion in the formation of modern indigenous elites.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Adams, Cindy. 2019. Bung Karno: Penyambung Lidah Rakyat Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Media Pusindo.
Alfian, Ibrahim. 1987. Perang di Jalan Allah: Perang Aceh 1873-1912. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
Asbeck, F. van. 1949. “Paul Scholten and Rechsthogeschool.” Dalam Gedenkboek: Rechtswetenschappelijk Hoger Onderwijs In Indonesië. Groningen - Jakarta: JB Wolters.
Bannet, Eve T. 2020. “Travel letters: eighteenth-century correspondence from Britain and America.” Dalam The Routledge research companion to travel writing, disunting oleh Alasdair Pettinger dan Tim Youngs, 115–27. London: Routledge.
Bhabha, Homi K. 2004. The Location of Culture. Routledge Classics. London ; New York: Routledge.
Buana, Muhammad. 2015. “Indonesian Indigenous Law Graduates From Leiden University’s Involvement In Colonial Legal System During The 20th Century Late Colonial Period.” BA Thesis, Leiden.
Burhanudin, Jajat. 2014. “The Dutch Colonial Policy on Islam: Reading the Intellectual Journey of Snouck Hurgronje.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 52 (1): 25–58. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2014.521.25-58.
Carey, Peter. 2022. “Raden Saleh Syarif Bustaman (circa 1811-1880) and the Java War (1825-30) : A Dissident Family History.” Archipel 103 (2022): 87–126. https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.2927.
———. 1982. “Raden Saleh, Dipanagara and the Painting of the Capture of Dipanagara at Magělang (28 March 1830).” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 55 (1): 1–25.
Chambert-Loir, Henri. 2013. Naik Haji di Masa Silam: Kisah-Kisah Orang Indonesia Naik Haji. Vol. 1. Jakarta: KPG.
De Nieuwe Courant. 1914. “De Graven der eerste vijf Sultans van Atjeh.” Bag. 164. 15 Juni 1914. 14 ed.
Dijk, Kees van. 2022. “The Scholar and the War-Horse. The Aceh War, Snouck Hurgronje, and Van Heutsz.” Dalam Scholarship in Action: Essays on the Life and Work of Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857-1936), oleh Léon Buskens, Jan Just Witkam, dan Annemarie Van Sandwijk. Leiden: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004513617.
Djajadiningrat, Achmad. 1927. “Een Stuk van den Arbeid van Prof. Snouck Hurgronje in het Belang van de Intellectueele Ontwikkeling van het Indonesische Volk.” Djåwå (Solo), 1927.
———. 1936. Herinneringen van Pangeran Aria Achmad Djajadiningrat. Batavia: G. Kolff & Co.
Djajadiningrat, H. 1911a. “Critisch Overzicht Van De In Maleische Werken Vervatte Gegevens Over De Geschiedenis Van Het Soeltanaat Van Atjeh I.” Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en Volkenkunde 65 (1): 135–211.
———. 1911b. “Critisch Overzicht Van De In Maleische Werken Vervatte Gegevens Over De Geschiedenis Van Het Soeltanaat Van Atjeh II.” Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en Volkenkunde 65 (1): 212–17.
———. 1911c. “Critisch Overzicht Van De In Maleische Werken Vervatte Gegevens Over De Geschiedenis Van Het Soeltanaat Van Atjeh III.” Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en Volkenkunde 65 (1): 218–65.
———. 1913. “Critische Beschouwing van de Sadjarah Banten: Bijdrage Ter Kenschetsing van de Javaansche Geschiedschrijving.” PhD-Thesis, Aan de Rijk-Universiteit Te Leiden.
———. “Hoesein Djajadiningrat Kepada Snouck Hurgronje”, 7 Oktober 1913. Surat Personal.
———. “Hoesein Djajadiningrat Kepada Snouck Hurgronje”, 20 Oktober 1913. Surat Personal.
———. “Hoesein Djajadiningrat kepada Mangkoenagoro VII”, 24 Januari 1920. Surat Personal.
———. “Hoesein Djajadiningrat kepada Snouck Hurgronje”, 10 Desember 1920. Surat Personal.
———. 1924. “De Namen Prangwadono En Mangkoenagoro.” Djawa: Tijdschrift van het Java Instituut 4 (1924): 1–5.
———. 1927a. Een Verzoek Om Een Mohammedaansch Wetgeleerd Oordel Over de Javaansche Gana-Gini Adat. (Solo), 1927.
———. 1927b. Jean Pierre Moquette (5 Juli 1856-26 Febuari 1927). Weltevreden: Albrecht & Co.
———. 1934. Atjehsch-Nederlandsch Woordenboek. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.
———. 1995. “Tradisi Lokal dalam Sejarah Indonesia.” Dalam Historiografi Indonesia: Sebuah Pengantar, oleh Soedjatmoko. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Djajadiningrat-Nieuwenhuis, Madelon. 1993. “Noto Soeroto: His Ideas and the Late Colonial Intellectual Climate.” Indonesia 55 (1993): 41. https://doi.org/10.2307/3351086.
Djalins, Upik. 2020. “Paul Scholten and the Founding of the Batavia Rechtshogeschool.” Digital Paul Scholten Project 1 (2020): 160–96.
Fakih, F. 2012. “Conservative corporatist: Nationalist thoughts of aristocrats The ideas of Soetatmo Soeriokoesoemo and Noto Soeroto.” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 168 (4): 420–44.
———. 2014. “Akar-akar Kanan daripada Nasionalisme Indonesia: Nasionalisme Jawa dalam Konteks Kesejarahannya.” Lembaran Sejarah 11 (1): 37–49.
Fanon, F. 1964. A Dying Colonialism. New York: Grove Press.
Fauzi, Kiki Rizki, Erlina Wiyanarti, dan Iing Yulianti. 2023. “Java Instituut: Implementasi Intelektual Lokal dan Kolonial dalam Memajukan Kebudayaan Sunda (1921-1941).” Factum: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 12 (2023): 219–32.
Foucault, Michael. 1972. The Archeology of Knowledge & Discourse on Language. New York: Pantheon Books.
Gericke, Johann Friedrich Carl, dan Taco Roorda. 1886. Javaansch-Nederduitsch Handwoordenboek. With A. C. Vreede. Amsterdam: Johannes Muller.
Goss, Andrew. 2011. The Floracrats: State-Sponsored Science and the Failure of Enlightenment in Indonesia. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Gouda, Frances. 1993. “Nyonyas on the Colonial Divide: White Women in the Dutch East Indies, 1900–1942.*.” Gender & History 5 (3): 318–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.1993.tb00183.x.
Grijns, C. D. 1996. “Van Der Tuuk and the Study of Malay.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 152 (3): 353–81. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003004.
Groeneboer, Kees. 1993. Weg tot het Westen: Het Nederlands voor Indie 1600-1950; Een Taalpolitieke Geschiedenis. Leiden: KITLV.
———. 1999. “Politik Bahasa Pada Masa Hindia Belanda.” Wacana 1 (1).
———. 2002. “Herman Neubronner Van der Tuuk and Nineteenh-Century Language Study in Southeast Asia.” Kekal Abadi 21 (2).
Guillot, Claude. 2008. Banten - Sejarah dan Peradaban Abad X - XVII. Jakarta: KPG.
Haji, Raja Ali. 1986. Kitab Pengetahuan Bahasa: yaitu kamus logat Melayu Johor Pahang Riau Lingga. Pekanbaru: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Hurgronje, S. 2007. Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century: Daily Life, Customs and Learning. The Moslims of the East-Indian Archipelago. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Jahroni, J. 1999. “The life and mystical thought of Haji Hasan Mustafa (1852–1930).” MA Thesis, Leiden.
Kaptein, Nico J. 1997. “Sayyid Uthmân on the legal validity of documentary evidence.” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 153 (1): 85–102.
———. 1998. “The Sayyid Uthman and The Queen: Sayyid ’Uthman on Queen Wilhelmina’s Inauguration The Throne of The Netherlands in 1898.” Journal of Islamic Studies 9 (2): 158–77.
———. 2014. Islam, Colonialism and the Modern Age in the Netherlands East Indies. Leiden: Brill.
Kartodirdjo, S. 1966. The Peasants’ Revolt of Banten in 1888: Its Conditions, Course and Sequel: A Case Study of Social Movements in Indonesia. Leiden: Nijhoff.
Kern, H. 1976. “Taco Roorda.” Dalam Honderd jaar Studie van Indonesie 1850-1950 : Levensbeschrijvingen van Twaalf Nederlandse Onderzoekers. Den Haag: Smith.
Klinken, Gerry van. 2025. Menuju Modernitas: Politik Antikolonial 5 Tokoh Minoritas. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Kloos, David. 2013. “Becoming better Muslims Religious authority and ethical improvement in Aceh, Indonesia.” PhD-Thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
———. 2021. “Dis/Connection: Violence, Religion, and Geographic Imaginings in Aceh and Colonial Indonesia, 1890s–1920s.” Itinerario 45 (3): 389–412. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165115321000255.
Kuitenbrouwer, Maarten. 2013. Dutch Scholarship in the Age of Empire and Beyond. Disunting oleh Harry A. Poeze. Diterjemahkan oleh Lorri Granger. Leiden: Brill.
———. 1986. “Aristocracies under Colonial Rule: North India and Java.” Dalam Two Colonial Empires, oleh C. A. Bayly dan D. H. A. Kolff, 75–94. Dordrecht/ Boston/ Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff.
Kuntowijoyo. 1994. Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
Kurnia, Atep. 2021. “Het Soendaneesch Vereischte Bahasa Sunda bagi para Pegawai Perkebunan di Priangan, 1890-1928.” Lopian: Jurnal Pengetahuan Lokal 1 (2).
Laffan, M. F. 1999. “Raden Aboe Bakar; An Introductory Note Concerning Snouck Hurgronje’s Informant in Jeddah (1884-1912).” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 155 (4): 517–42. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003860.
———.2003. “Writing from the Colonial Margin: The Letters of Aboe Bakar Djajadiningrat to Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje.” Indonesia and the Malay World 31 (91): 356–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363981042000188646.
———. 2015. Sejarah Islam di Nusantara. Jakarta: Mizan.
Loomba, Ania. 2005. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London ; New York: Routledge. https://archive.org/details/colonialismpostc0000loom_j7v3.
Lubis, N. H. 2020. Metode Sejarah. Bandung: Satya Historika.
McFate, Montgomery. 2019. “Useful Knowledge: Snouck Hurgronje and Islamic Insurgency in Aceh.” Orbis 63 (3): 416–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2019.05.005.
Millie, J. 2017. “Hasan Mustapa and the Sundanese.” Dalam Hasan Mustapa: ethnicity and Islam in Indonesia, oleh J. Millie. Clayton: Monash University Publishing.
Mrázek, Rudolph. 2024. Amir Sjarifoeddin: Politics and Truth in Indonesia, 1907-1948. New York: Cornell University Press.
Perkasa, Adrian. 2025. “The cultural network: Javanese imaginings of Indonesia, 1918–1966.” Ph.D Thesis, Leiden University.
Perret, Daniel. 2018. “Introduction.” Dalam Writing for Eternity: A Survey of Epigraphy in Southeast Asia, 13–43. Paris: EFEO.
Pijper, G. F. 1961. “Professor Dr. Pangeran Ario Hoesein Djajadiningrat: 8 December 1886—12 November 1960.” KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies 117 (4): 401–9.
Poeze, H. A. 1989. “Indonesians at Leiden University.” Dalam Leiden Oriental Connections 1850-1940, oleh Willem Otterspeer, 250–79. Leiden: Brill.
———. 1986. In Het Land van de Overheerser I Indonesiers in Nederland 1600-1950. Verhandelingen van Het Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde 100. Dordrecht, Holland ; Cinnaminson, U.S.A: Foris.
Razy, M.R.O.A.. 2025. “Between Empire and Revelation: Hoesein Djajadiningrat and the Politics of Islamic Knowledge in Dutch East Indies.” Analisis Sejarah: Mencari Jalan Sejarah 15 (1): 60–69.
———. 2023. “Hoesein Djajadiningrat: Orientalisme seorang Oriental (1911-1960).” Universitas Padjadjaran.
Razy, M.R.O.A., Muhammad Miqdad Rojab Munigar, dan Tarunasena Ma’mur. 2024. “Ambivalensi Birokrat Hindia Belanda: Studi Kasus Visi Hasan Mustapa Akhir Abad XIX.” Metahumaniora 14 (2): 101–10. https://doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v14i2.56562.
Razy, M.R.O.A., K. Sofianto, dan G. A. Jaelani. 2022. “Visi Orientalisme Hoesein Djajadiningrat Dalam Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Pemajuan Identitas Kebudayaan (1911-1960).” Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 5 (2): 97–108.
———. 2023. “Discourse Of Islamization In Indonesia: Hoesein Djajadiningrat’s Vision In The Colonial And Postcolonial Periods.” Criksetra: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 12 (1): 108–22.
Reid, Anthony. 2010. “War, Peace and the Burden of History in Aceh.” Asian Ethnicity 5 (3): 301–14.
Reid, Anthony, dan D. Marr. 1983. Jejak Nasionalis Indonesia Mencari Masa Lampaunya: Dari Raja Ali Haji Hingga Hamka. Jakarta: Grafiti.
Resink, G. J. 1974. “Rechtshoogeschool, Jongereneed, ‘Stuw’ En Gestuwden.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde 4 (1974): 428–49.
Rigg, Jonathan. 1862. A Dictionary of the Sundanese Language of Java. Batavia: Lange&Co.
Rizki, Muh., Yusdani Yusdani, Hamidullah Marazi, dan Rahmawati Rahmawati. 2024. “Raja Ali Haji’s Philanthropic Thought: The Role of Culture and Language in the Formation of Urban Malay Identity.” Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 29 (1): 49. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v29i1.8796.
Rohmana, J.A. 2021. “Colonial informants and the Acehnese-Dutch war Haji Hasan Mustapa’s response to Teuku Umar’s collaboration with the Dutch authorities in the East Indies.” Indonesia and the Malay World 49 (143): 63–81.
———. 2016. “Persahabatan Penjajah dan Bangsa Jajahan di Hindia Belanda: C. Snouck Hurgronje dan Haji Hasan Mustapa.” Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies 12 (2): 144–68. https://doi.org/10.18196/aiijis.2016.0060.144-168.
Said, E. W. 2012. Orientalisme. Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka.
Scalliet, Marie-Odette. 2008. “L’aventure du relevé des vestiges islamiques de Pasai.” Dalam Les monuments funéraires et l’histoire du Sultanat de Pasai à Sumatra, 391–402. Paris: Association Archipel (Cahiers d’Archipel 37).
Shatanawi, Mirjam. 2022. “Making and unmaking Indonesian Islam: Legacies of colonialism in museums.” PhD-Thesis, University of Amsterdam.
Singgih, Roswita Pamoentjak. 1985. Partini: Tulisan Kehidupan Seorang Putri Mangkunegaran. Bandung: Penerbit Djambatan.
Sjamsuddin, H. 2012. Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Ombak.
Stoler, Ann Laura. 2009. Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
———. 2002. “Colonial Archives and the Arts of Governance.” Archival Science 2 (1–2): 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02435632.
Suminto, H. A. 1985. Politik Islam Hindia Belanda. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Supardi, Nunus. 2013. Bianglala budaya: rekam jejak 95 tahun Kongres Kebudayaan, 1918-2013. With Indonesia. Kongres Kebudayaan. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Suryadi, Surya. 2023. Baginda Dahlan Abdoellah: Konteks Sejarah dan Kisah Hidup Hulpleraar Bahasa Melayu Pertama di Universiteit Leiden dan Aktivis Perhimpunan Hindia. Yogyakarta & Medan: Gre Publishing & UMSU Press.
Sutanto, Sutopo. 1983. Prof. Husein Jayadiningrat: Hasil Karya dan Pengabdiannya. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Sutherland, Heather. 2021. Politik Dinasti Keluarga Elit Jawa XV-XX. Depok: Komunitas Bambu.
Suwignyo, Agus. 2012. “The Breach In The Dike : Regime Change And The Standardization Of Public Primary-School Teacher Training In Indonesia, 1893-1969.” PhD-Thesis, Leiden University.
———. 2013. “The Great Depression and the Changing Trajectory of Public Education Policy in Indonesia, 1930–42.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 44 (3): 465–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463413000337.
Teeuw, A. 1996. “Van Der Tuuk as Lexicographer.” Archipel 51 (1): 113–33. https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1996.1097.
Tjandrasasmita, Uka. 2009. Arkeologi Islam Nusantara. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Van den Doel, Wim. 2023. SNOUCK: Biografi Ilmuwan Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia & KITLV-Jakarta.
Van der Tuuk, N. 1897. Kawi-Balineesch-Nederlandsch Woordenboek. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.
———. 1861. Bataksch Nederduitsch Woordenboek. Amsterdam: Frederick Muller.
Van Mook, H. J. 1944. Beschouwing van Van Mook ter nagedachtenis van Raden Loekman Djajadiningrat. 24 Juli 1944.
Veth, P. J. 1873. Atjeh en zijne betrekkingen tot Nederland. Leiden: Brill. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/historia/article/view/50830.