Perburuan Harimau di Bali pada Awal Abad XX Berdasarkan Sumber-Sumber Kolonial
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Before falling into the hands of the Dutch colonial government in the early 20th century, Bali was quite a foreign and restricted territory for Europeans. This condition slowly changed when the colonial government conquered the local Balinese kingdoms. Tigers' existence in Bali was later known through the records created by Europeans who studied nature and the local community there. This study aims to show the link between the conquest of Bali by the colonial government and the extinction of the Bali tiger. Through historical research methods to examine the literature sources used, this study shows that the expansion of colonial government influence in Bali also played a role in the process of extinction of the Bali tiger. The growth of private plantations in areas home to tigers further increases the potential for conflict between tigers and humans. Similar to Javan and Sumatran tigers, Bali tigers are also often hunted because they disturb and threaten plantation activities, as well as because they are a prey object for sport-hunting enthusiasts. Extinction is inevitable as a consequence of continuous hunting activities for this species.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Adnyana, I Wayan. 2018. “Tiger-Hunting Scene on Yeh Pulu Relief in Bali: Romanticism of People’s Heroism in the Study of Iconology.” Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology 15 (1): 147–60.
Agung, Ida Anak Agung Gde. 1991. Bali in the 19th century. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Algemeen Dagblad No. 196. 1974. “-,” 17 Desember 1974.
Algemeen Handelsblad voor Nederlandsch-Indië tweede blad No. 36. 1926. “Tijgerplaag op Bali,” 27 Mei 1926.
Bijvoegsel van het Bataviaasch Handelsblad No. 188. 1886. “Nederlandsch Indië,” 14 Agustus 1886.
Boomgaard, Peter. 1994. “Death to the tiger! The development of tiger and leopard rituals in Java, 1605-1906.” South East Asia Research 2 (2): 141–75.
———. 1999. “Oriental Nature, its Friends and its Enemies: Conservation of Nature in Late-Colonial Indonesia, 1889-1949.” Environment and History 5 (3): 257–92.
———. 2008. Frontiers of Fear: Tigers and People in the Malay World 1600-1950. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Covarrubias, Miguel. 1972. Island of Bali. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Creese, Helen. 2016. Bali in the Early Nineteenth Century: The Ethnographic Accounts of Pierre Dubois. Leiden: Brill.
Damste, H.T. 1925. “Balische Splinter.” Koloniale Tijdschrijft, 1925.
De Indische Courant No. 158. 1930. “Onze Dierentuin,” 24 Maret 1930.
De Indische Courant No. 245. 1936. “Tijgers op Bali,” 7 Juni 1936.
De Nieuwe Vorstenlanden No. 115. 1926. “Tijgerplaag op Bali,” 27 Mei 1926.
Ellis, Richard. 2005. Tiger Bone & Rhino Horn: The Destruction of Wildlife for Traditional Chinese Medicine. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Figel, Joe J., Renaldi Safriansyah, Said Fauzan Baabud, dan Herman Zulfan. 2023. “Snaring in a stronghold: Poaching and bycatch of critically endangered tigers in northern Sumatra, Indonesia.” Biological Conservation 286.
Goodrich, J., H. Wibisono, D. Miquelle, A.J. Lynam, E. Sanderson, S. Chapman, T.N.E. Gray, P. Chanchani, dan A. Harihar. 2022. “Panthera tigris.” The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T15955A214862019.
Gottschalk, Louis. 2008. Mengerti Sejarah. Disunting oleh Nugroho Notosusanto. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.
Graaf, H.J. de. 1986. Puncak Kekuasaan Mataram: Politik Ekspansi Sultan Agung. Jakarta: Pustaka Grafitipers.
Het Nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië No. 124. 1926. “Tijgerplaag op Bali,” 28 Mei 1926.
Hughes, J.D. 1996. “Bali and the Green Witch of the West.” Capitalism Nature Socialism 7 (2): 139–45.
Jacobs, Julius. 1883. Eenigen tijd onder de Baliers: Eene reisbeschrijving met aantekeningen betreffende hygiene, land- en volkenkunde van de eilanden Bali en Lombok. Batavia: G. Kolff & Co.
Java Bode No. 212. 1886. “Verspreide Indische Berichten,” 10 September 1886.
Kartodirdjo, Sartono, Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, dan Nugroho Notosusanto. 1975. Sejarah Nasional Indonesia. V. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Kartodirdjo, Sartono, dan Djoko Suryo. 1991. Sejarah Perkebunan di Indonesia: Kajian Sosial Ekonomi. Yogyakarta: Aditya Media.
Kerkhoven, R.A., dan E.J. Kerkhoven. 1883. “A Tiger Hunt in Java.” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 12: 269–81.
Kersten, J. 1940. Bali: Hoe een Missionaris het ziet. Eindhoven: De Pilgrim.
“Korte verslag van de afdeeling Boeleleng over de maand Februari 1880.” 1880.
“Korte verslag van de afdeeling Boeleleng over de maand Januari 1880.” 1880.
Leeuwarden Courant No. 256. 1974. “Wereldnatuurfonds vreest dat Balitijger is uitgestorven,” 17 Desember 1974.
Lekkerkerker, C. 1923. “De Tegenwoordige Economische Toestand van het Gewest Bali en Lombok.” Koloniale Tijdschrijft, 1923.
Liefrinck, F.A. 1927. Bali en Lombok. Amsterdam: J.H. de Bussy.
Limburgs Dagblad No. 299. 1974. “Wereldnatuurfonds: Balitijger uitgestorven,” 19 Desember 1974.
Locher-Scholten, Elsbeth. 1994. “Dutch Expansion in the Indonesian Archipelago Around 1900 and the Imperialism Debate.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 25 (1): 91–111.
Niemeijer, Hendrik E. 2012. Batavia: Masyarakat Kolonial Abad XVII. Jakarta: Masup Jakarta.
Nieuwenkamp, W.O.J. 1910a. Bali en Lombok: Zijnde een Verzameling Gëillustreerde Reisherinneringen en Studies omtrent Land en Volk, Kunst en Kunstnijverheid.
———. 1910b. Zwerftochten op Bali. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Perret, Daniel. 2022. “D. Seventeenth Century Dutch Sources (1601-1626) (compiled & translated by Daniel Perret with the collaboration of Jean-Claude Lejosne).” Archipel. https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.2850.
Picard, Michel. 2020. Kebalian: Konstruksi Dialogis Identitas Bali. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Prawirajaya, Kadek Dedy, Heri Purwanto, dan Coleta Palupi Titasari. 2023. “Sistem Religi dan Makna pada Relief Yeh Pulu di Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali.” Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 8 (1): 56–76. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v8i1.3827.
Putra, I Dewa Alit Dwija, dan Sarena Abdullah. 2023. “Iconological Analysis of the ‘Man on a Bicycle’ Relief in North Bali Created During the Dutch Colonial Period.” SPAFA Journal 7 (Desember): 136–52.
Raka, I Gusti Gde. 1955. Monografi Bali. Jakarta: Pusat Djawatan Pertanian Rakjat.
Saksen-Weimar-Eisenach, Bernhard Hertog van. 1835. Beknopte Beschrijving van den Veldtogt op Java in 1811. Dordrecht: J. van Houtrijve Jr.
Soerabaiasch Handelsblad No. 261. 1938. “Zeiltocht naar Bali’s Noordkust,” 12 November 1938.
Soerabaiasch-Handelsblad No. 117. 1931. “Naar Bali,” 27 Mei 1931.
Soerabaiasch-Handelsblad No. 156. 1890. “Nederlandsch-Indië,” 10 Juli 1890.
Soerabaiasch-Handelsblad No. 184. 1879. “Uit Bali,” 11 Agustus 1879.
Stuers, JHR. F.V.A. Ridder De. 1847. Gedenkschrift van den Oorlog op Java van 1825 tot 1830. Amsterdam: Johannes Muller.
Suwitha, I Putu Gede. 2011. Bali dari Sisi Lain: Sejarah Perkebunan di Bali 1870-1965. Denpasar: Cakra Press.
Vickers, Adrian. 2012. Bali Tempo Doeloe. Depok: Komunitas Bambu.
Vink, G.J. 1929. Over de Koffieculutuur der Baliers. Buitenzorg: Archipel Drukkerij.
Weede, H.M. van. 1908. Indische Reisherinneringen deel II. Haarlem: H.D. Tjeenk Willink & Zoon.
Wessing, Robert. 1992. “A Tiger in the Heart: The Javanese Rampok Macan.” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde 2: 287–308.
———. 1995. “The Last Tiger in East Java: Symbolic Continuity in Ecological Change.” Asian Folklore Studies 54 (2): 191–218.
Wibisono, H.T., dan Wulan Pusparini. 2010. “Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae): A review of conservation status.” Integrative Zoology 5: 313–23.
Zollinger, H. 1849. “Reis over de Eilanden Bali en Lombok.” Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 26: 3–15.