PURBAWIDYA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi

Elements of Bantenese, Javanese And Balinese Art Carved on Lawangkori Gedongwani in East Lampung, Indonesia

Mohammad Ali Fadillah, Mufti Ali Ali — Sun, 10 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to reveal the Lawang Kori Gedongwani carving art in East Lampung, one of the areas in South Sumatra which since the early 17^th century was the territory of the Banten Sultanate. Based on its current appearance, Lawang Kori is carved in the typical Bantenese art style that dominantly decorates pottery shards and tombstones at Banten Lama urban site. However, in certain details Lawang Kori also showed the influence of art from other regions in Java and Bali. To determine the existence of these artistic elements, research will focus on the forms and types of ornaments that were manifested in the Lawang Kori carvings, both in whole and in part. Therefore, direct observations were carried out in Gedongwani Village, Mergo Tigo District, East Lampung Regency, where Lawangkori was found. Identification of shapes and decorations produces very diverse decorative patterns. By focusing on the analysis on structure, construction and decorative elements in the form of geometric, floral and figurative motifs, Lawang Kori presented the characteristics strongly influenced by the decorative arts of Banten, East Java and Bali. Islamic art itself was the result of modifications from the Hindu-Buddhist period. Referring to historical sources and oral traditions, the Lawang Kori gate was probably made in the late 17^th and early 18^th centuries. The growth of port cities under the rule of the Javanese-Islamic polity stimulated the development of decorative arts in their area of influence. Islamic works of art themselves were the result of modifications from the Hindu-Buddhist period. In this case, Banten was an agent for the spread of Islamic art in the Lampung region, from its golden age to its decline in the early 19^th century.

Asal-Usul dan Evolusi Aksara Suci Oṁ-Kāra di Bali Berdasarkan Data Prasasti Bali Kuno Abad VIII/IX

Rema I Nyoman, I Gusti Ngurah Sudiana, I Nyoman Suarka — Sun, 10 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Various questions arise in the community, whether this OṀ-kāra is a product of Balinese culture or whether this script is a derivative of OM-kāra from India. This research raises the question of how is the origin and evolution of the OṀ-kāra script in Bali? This research data was collected through a literature study and supplemented by interviews. The results of this research are in the form of the history of the script that developed in Bali, namely Pre-Nagari and Ancient Bali including Bali Lumrah which was used to write down the origin and evolution of the sacred script OṀ-kāra in Bali. Based on the results of this study, it is known that this sacred script was derived through two scripts in Bali in the VIII^th/ IX^th centuries, namely Pre-Nagari and Ancient Balinese, which were derivatives of the Brahmi script. However, this sacred script has not envolved after the VIII^th century in the pre-Nagari script. Instead, what is seen in its evolution is the sacred OṀ-kāra script written using the Balinese Lumrah script, which is a derivative of the Old Balinese script, from the niskala to the birth of creation theology. Based on the evolution of this sacred script, it is known that OṀ-kāra is a sacred script as a symbol of God/ Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa who niskala, then from the niskala, evolved into the nature of niskala-sakala, Nirguna-Saguna, Paramasiwa-Sadasiwa.

Colonial Version of The Chinese Chronicles from Sam Po Kong Temple As a Historical Evidence

Sun, 10 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This article discusses the result of research on a manuscript called Chinese Chronicles on Sam Po Kong Temple found in a manuscript from Cirebon. This research used a historical method consisting of 4 stages: heuristics, criticism interpretation, and historiography using analytic descriptive method. This research aims to prove that the chronicles are as secondary historical evidence, not a primary one. These Chinese chronicles are a copy of the manuscript. It is estimated that the copy was made in the Dutch colonial era after 1928. The Chronicles tell the life of the Moslem Chinese in Nusantara, especially Java Island, after Cheng Ho’s voyage to Nusantara when it was still under Majapahit kingdom sovereignty.

Gagasan Pelestarian Gedung Singa di Kota Surabaya melalui Revitalisasi

Muhammad Haris Arifin, Mimi Savitri — Sun, 10 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

An abandoned heritage building that was built in 1901, known as Gedung Singa in the city of Surabaya, was listed for auction and the plan had raised protests from the heritage activists community. This concern was emanated by previous cases of demolition of protected heritage buildings as happened to Toko NAM, which are lamented by the heritage activists community who have become a major contributor in the effort of safeguarding heritage, including listed heritage objects. This shows the urgency of negotiating Gedung Singa’s significance to the people and of proposing an appropriate form of revitalization as to assure its sustainable preservation. This study uses exploratory literature study method and approaches the issue by using a theory known as Interaction Field Model. The result proposes a plan to turn Gedung Singa into a museum-restaurant showcasing returned heritage collections from the Netherlands as a way to strengthen the image of Surabaya as the city of heroes. Other collections that may be displayed are chosen objects in accordance to the thematic exhibitions which are arranged temporarily to accommodate interactions with the people.

Penelusuran sisa-sisa Kerajaan yang hilang dibalik Letusan Gunung Tambora di Situs Doro Bente

Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The archaeological research in the Tambora Peninsula was initiated by the National Archaeological Research Center in 2006, and from 2008 onwards, it was continued by the Archaeological Office in Denpasar-Bali until 2021. Numerous archaeological pieces of evidence have been successfully excavated from Mount Tambora's pyroclastic material. Recent research has been focused on the Doro Bente Site on the Teluk Saleh Peninsula. The research aims to understand the sequence of historical events on settlement centers based on artifact evidence resulting from the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815. The study employs qualitative, descriptive methods, and a geoarchaeological approach. Data acquisition involves excavation, surveys, and literature studies. Stratigraphic analysis is conducted to identify sediment matrices and understand the deposition sequence. Excavation activities have uncovered significant artifacts such as ceramic fragments, pottery, animal bones, and shell fragments. Micro-scale deposition chronology in excavation box B28U18 indicates that the three lower layers, the oldest, were deposited in a marine environment, followed by five layers of pyroclastic material from the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. The geographical factors and available natural resources make Sumbawa Island a focal point for Chinese and European attention from the 13th to the 19th centuries AD.

Perahu dan Rumah Gadang

Dyah Hidayati, Nenggih Susilowati — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The environment of Lake Singkarak provides natural resources to be utilized by human around it by providing facilities that support their lives. In the water area, of course, boats are needed as a mode of transportation for fishermen. Likewise, markers of settled life in the form of settlements with traditional buildings including ‘Rumah Gadang’. This paper uses qualitative methods with inductive reasoning flows. Data was collected on primary (through observation, observation of object and environment, in-depth interviews) and secondary data. The steps in qualitative research are data collection, analysis, and data synthesis. The purpose of writing is to find out about the sustainability of wood culture on the shores of Lake Singkarak and the local wisdom of the community. The change in manufacture and utilization from dugout canoes to plank boats is an adaptation strategy to the scarcity of sources of Surian wood tree materials. The developed buildings and ornaments also depict the complexion of maritime life (in the lake environment). Nature is a source of inspiration in its motifs and coloring, such as the motif of ‘pucuak rabuang’ (young bamboo), flowers, leaves, fish, and the Dutch royal crown. This is a form of local wisdom of the community in adapting to environmental conditions.

Kota Schoemaker

Muhammad Gibran Humam Fadlurrahman — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This article discuss the history of Bandung as a colonial city that was titled 'Schoemaker City' by famous architect H.P. Berlage who visited Bandung in late April 1923. The city of Bandung was being developed rapidly from the 1910s to the early 1920s with the work of well-known Dutch East Indies architects, including C.P. Wolff Schoemaker and Richard L.A. Schoemaker. They designed many public buildings in Bandung with their characteristic architectural styles. This research focuses on the history of Bandung and its image in relation to the architectural works of the Schoemaker brothers during 1915-1923 that impressed H.P. Berlage by using the historical method that consists of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography, as well as the science of architecture. This article analyzes the history of the Schoemaker brothers' architectural works that were prominent in important areas and became part of the activities in Bandung City until titled 'Schoemaker City'. The Schoemaker brothers' architectural designs have a characteristic architectural style and became part of the colonial society's activities in important areas of Bandung City, which encouraged H.P. Berlage to title it 'Schoemaker City'.

Perburuan Harimau di Bali pada Awal Abad XX Berdasarkan Sumber-Sumber Kolonial

Hikmana Arafah Wiryandara, Dimas Nugroho, Harriyadi — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Before falling into the hands of the Dutch colonial government in the early 20^th century, Bali was quite a foreign and restricted territory for Europeans. This condition slowly changed when the colonial government conquered the local Balinese kingdoms. Tigers' existence in Bali was later known through the records created by Europeans who studied nature and the local community there. This study aims to show the link between the conquest of Bali by the colonial government and the extinction of the Bali tiger. Through historical research methods to examine the literature sources used, this study shows that the expansion of colonial government influence in Bali also played a role in the process of extinction of the Bali tiger. The growth of private plantations in areas home to tigers further increases the potential for conflict between tigers and humans. Similar to Javan and Sumatran tigers, Bali tigers are also often hunted because they disturb and threaten plantation activities, as well as because they are a prey object for sport-hunting enthusiasts. Extinction is inevitable as a consequence of continuous hunting activities for this species.