ARCA BHAIRAWA (HAYAGRĪWA LOKEŚWARA) PADANGROCO BERLANGGAM SENI SIŊHASĀRI

Authors

  • Muhamad Satok Yusuf Perkumpulan Ahli Arkeologi Indonesia (IAAI) Komda Jawa Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55981/amt.2022.19

Keywords:

Reinterpretation, Bhairawa, Padangroco, Iconography, art style, Reinterpretasi, Ikonografi, gaya seni

Abstract

Abstrak. Para peneliti terdahulu meyakini bahwa arca Bhairawa dari Situs Padangroco, Provinsi Sumatra Barat berlanggam Majapahit berdasarkan konteks relasi historis Raja Ādityawarman dengan Kerajaan Majapahit dan penggambaran arca dalam postur tegak kaku seperti arca Majapahit pada umumnya. Tinjauan terhadap langgam arca seharusnya juga memperhatikan ornamen dan gaya seninya. Penelitian ini berupaya mengkaji ulang ikonografi dan langgam arca Bhairawa Padangroco yang diduga kuat berlanggam Siŋhasāri dan bukan perwujudan Bhairawa. Analisis yang digunakan ialah analisis ikonografi dan perbandingan gaya seni. Hasil kajian ulang ikonografis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa arca Bhairawa Padangroco merupakan perwujudan Hayagrīwa sebagai manifestasi Awalokiteśwara dalam wujud mengerikan, yang di dalam agama Buddha didudukkan sebagai simbol penguasaan terhadap kekuatan diri sendiri. Lebih lanjut dikemukakan bahwa arca Bhairawa Padangroco ialah Hayagrīwa Lokeśwara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis perbandingan gaya seni arca, ditemukan bahwa arca Bhairawa Padangroco memiliki langgam Siŋhasāri. Adapun arca yang digunakan sebagai pembandingnya ialah dua arca kembarannya dari Situs Candi Jago dan koleksi Metropolitan Museum of Arts, arca kembar Siŋhasāri lainnya, dan arca-arca berlanggam Siŋhasāri dan Majapahit.

Kata kunci: Reinterpretasi, Bhairawa, Padangroco, Ikonografi, gaya seni.

 

Abstract. The Sculpture of Bhairawa (Hayagrīwa Lokeśwara) of Padangroco as Art of Siŋhasāri. Previous researchers believed that the Bhairawa sculpture from the site of Padangroco, West Sumatra Province was in Majapahit style based on the historical context of King Ādityawarman’s relationship with the Majapahit Kingdom and the depiction of the sculpture in a rigid upright posture like Majapahit sculptures in general. A style review of the sculpture should also pay attention to its ornamentation and art style. This study seeks to reinterpret the iconography and style of the Bhairawa Padangroco sculpture, which is strongly suspected to be in the Siŋhasāri style and not the embodiment of Bhairawa. The study used iconographic analysis and comparison of art styles. The results of the iconographic review show that the Bhairawa Padangroco sculpture is the embodiment of Hayagrīwa as a manifestation of Awalokiteśwara in a terrible form, which in Buddhism is positioned as a symbol of mastery over one’s strength. It was further stated that the Bhairawa Padangroco sculpture was Hayagrīwa Lokeśwara. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of sculpture art styles, it was found that the Bhairawa Padangroco sculpture has the Siŋhasāri style. The sculptures used as comparisons are the two twin sculptures from the site of Jago Temple and the Metropolitan Museum of Arts’ collection, other Siŋhasāri twin sculptures, and the sculptures in Siŋhasāri and Majapahit styles.

 Keywords: Reinterpretation, Bhairawa, Padangroco, Iconography, art style.

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Published

26-06-2022

How to Cite

Yusuf, M. S. (2022). ARCA BHAIRAWA (HAYAGRĪWA LOKEŚWARA) PADANGROCO BERLANGGAM SENI SIŊHASĀRI. AMERTA, 40(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.55981/amt.2022.19

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Articles