THE IMPACT OF COASTAL LINE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAMBI AREA DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE - RECENT TIME ON DECLINE OF THE SRIVIJAYA KINGDOM PROSPERITY

Authors

  • Yahdi Zaim
  • Aswan

Keywords:

garis pantai purba, Sungai Batanghari, Jambi, Kerajaan Sriwijaya, paleocoastal line, Batanghari river, Srivijaya Kingdom

Abstract

Abstrak. Pengaruh Perkembangan Garis Pantai Kawasan Jambi Selama Kala Plestosen Akhir
Hingga Kini Terhadap Menurunnya Kemakmuran Kerajaan Sriwijaya. Analisis terhadap garis pantai purba di Jawa menunjukkan kesamaan perkembangan dengan di Sumatra. Setidaknya dapat direkonstruksi lima garis pantai purba akibat kenaikan muka laut secara berkala selama fluktuasi muka laut pada kala Plestosen Akhir hingga kini. Sejumlah penelitian lapangan di Jawa dan Sumatra, yang didukung oleh analisis laboratorium, juga menunjukkan evolusi garis pantai tersebut bergeser ke arah laut masa kini, yang memperlihatkan terjadinya penurunan muka laut secara drastis di seluruh dunia pada saat yang bersamaan. Berkenaan dengan kegiatan perdagangan di Kerajaan Sriwijaya di kawasan Jambi, yang diperkirakan berlokasi di sejumlah pelabuhan sungai maupun laut sekitar muara Sungai Batanghari purba dan pesisir purba Jambi, evolusi garis pantai purba tersebut mengakibatkan efek pendangkalan di kawasan hulu sungai. Proses pendangkalan, yang disebabkan oleh deposisi sedimen dan penurunan muka laut, akan membatasi aktivitas pelayaran yang merupakan bagian dari perdagangan, sehingga harus dibangun pelabuhan-pelabuhan baru yang lokasinya digeser ke arah timurlaut. Dengan demikian terbentuk garis pantai baru, sedangkan garis pantai yang lama menjadi daratan. Pemindahan pusat kegiatan perdagangan pada periode Sriwijaya ke timurlaut Jambi (wilayah di luar kota Jambi) mengakibatkan menurunnya atau bahkan matinya kegiatan ekonomi di wilayah pedalaman baru Sriwijaya. Penelitian geologi di wilayah itu mengungkapkan bahwa penurunan muka laut secara drastis, penurunan muka tanah (denudasi), serta aktivitas tektonik dan sedimentasi boleh jadi merupakan faktor penyebab terjadinya inflasi dan penurunan kemakmuran Kerajaan Sriwijaya hingga titik terendah.
Kata Kunci: garis pantai purba, Sungai Batanghari, Jambi, Kerajaan Sriwijaya


Abstract. Paleocoastal line analysis around Jawa indicates similar development to Sumatra, at least
there are five paleocoastal lines that could be reconstructed due to periodically sea level raised
periods along Late Pleistocene - Recent sea level fluctuations. Field studies both in Jawa and
Sumatra which supported by laboratory analysis also show that coastal line evolution was shifted
to the present seaward, which reveals the dropped sea level globally at the same time. In terms of
Srivijaya Kingdom’s trading activity in Jambi area that predicted as river ports around the mouth
of paleo-Batanghari River and as beach ports surrounding paleocoastal of Jambi, the paleocoastal lines evolution as mentioned above would gave a shallow effect in the upper reaches of the river. This shallowing up process due to the sedimentary deposition and dropped sea level would restrict the shipping activity for trading process. It means a new port, both beach and river ones as central trading places have to be built and shifted also to the north-eastern part where a new coastal line formed and previous coastal lines became terrestrial. Movement of central trading activity in Srivijaya period to the northeast-outer area of Jambi will decrease or even put an end to economic activity in the new hinterland part of Srivijaya. Field geological investigation in Jambi area revealed that dropped sea level, denudation, tectonic and sedimentation were most probably responsible to the inflation and declining of Srivijaya Kingdom until its last prosperity.
Keywords: paleocoastal line, Batanghari river, Jambi, Srivijaya Kingdom

Published

22-01-2024

How to Cite

Zaim, Y., & Aswan. (2024). THE IMPACT OF COASTAL LINE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAMBI AREA DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE - RECENT TIME ON DECLINE OF THE SRIVIJAYA KINGDOM PROSPERITY. AMERTA, 30(2), 90–99. Retrieved from https://ejournal.brin.go.id/amerta/article/view/3448

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