MENGGALI MAKNA IKONOGRAFIS PADA ARCA BERSIFAT TANTRIS DI PURA KEBO EDAN, KABUPATEN GIANYAR, BALI

Abstract

Abstract. Exploring the Iconographic Meanings of Tantric Structures at Kebo Edan Temple, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. In general studies of statues have been carried out by many experts, but statues related to the Tantrayana teaching have not received enough attention. In this case, the statues in Kebo Edan Temple, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province show that their forms depict the influence of Tantrayana. This research explores the statue forms and analyzes their meaning. The data were collected through observation, documentation, and literature study, and the collected data were analyzed using an iconographic study (morphological and technological analyses). The study results show that the statue forms and their manufacture are motivated by the tantric school within the scope of Shiva, especially at the level of the nirvṛtti marga. The statues are in various forms: a scary shape, dancing attitude, standing on a corpse, showing genitals (penis), snake decoration, masked face, skull decoration, and sword. Furthermore, these statue forms contain profound meanings. It can be said that the meaning of these statue forms symbolizes a relation to God, including the attainment of salvation (moksha), holiness, penance, wisdom, creation, and maintenance.

Keywords: Statues, Tantrayana, Iconographic Meaning

Abstrak. Kajian arca secara umum telah banyak dilakukan oleh para ahli, namun arca-arca yang berkaitan dengan aliran Tantrayana belum cukup mendapat perhatian. Dalam hal ini, arca-arca yang berada di Pura Kebo Edan, Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali nampak menunjukkan bahwa wujudnya menggambarkan aliran Tantrayana. Penelitian ini menelusuri bentuk-bentuk arca dan menganalisis makna yang terkandung di dalamnya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan kajian ikonografi (analisis morfologi dan teknologi). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk arca dan pembuatannya dilatarbelakangi oleh aliran Tantra dalam ruang lingkup Siwa, khususnya pada tataran nirvṛtti marga. Arca tersebut berupa wujud yang menyeramkan, sikap menari, berdiri di atas mayat, menonjolkan alat kelamin (penis), hiasan ular, wajah bertopeng, hiasan tengkorak, dan pedang. Wujud arca ini ternyata mengandung makna yang amat dalam. Dapat dikatakan bahwa makna dari wujud arca tersebut menyimbolkan sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan Tuhan, di antaranya pencapaian moksa, kesucian, penebusan dosa, kebijaksanaan, penciptaan, dan pemeliharaan.

Kata kunci: Arca, Tantrayana, Makna Ikonografis