Shoot induction of siam pontianak orange (Citrus nobilis L. var. microcarpa) cotyledon with additional ambon banana extract and BAP

Abstract

Siam pontianak orange (Citrus nobilis L. var macrocarpa) is a type of siam orange which is one of the leading crop commodities in West Kalimantan. Seedling propagation using tissue culture technology can be enhanced by modifying the growth media through the addition of complex organic compounds such as banana extract. The study aimed to determine the effect of ambon banana extract and BAP on MS media in promoting shoot growth from cotyledon explant. The study used a Complete Randomized Design factorial pattern with two treatment factors. The first factor is ambon banana extract, which has four levels of concentration: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The second factor is BAP, which has four levels of concentration: 0 mg/l, 1 mg/l, 2 mg/l, and 3 mg/l. The results showed that the addition of a single banana extract, a single BAP, and the combination of banana extract and BAP all significantly influenced the number of leaves. The addition of a single BAP had a significant effect on shoot emergence, the number of buds, the height of the shoots, and the number of roots. The highest number of leaves was observed in the combined treatment of 15% ambon banana extract and 3 mg/l BAP (P3B3), with an average of 11.80 leaves. The fastest shoot emergence occurred at a concentration of 3 mg/l BAP (B3), with an average of 8.75 days, and the highest number of buds was observed at a BAP concentration of 3 mg/l (B3), with an average of 2.95 buds.