Combined Tide and Storm Influence on Facies Sedimentation of Miocene Miri Formation, Sarawak
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was conducted on the sedimentary rocks belonging to the Miri Formation (Middle – Late Miocene). The primary objective of the present study is to provide additional interpretation on the stratigraphy of the Miri Formation in the Miri Field based on the new information gathered from new outcrops in the area. Five outcrops were examined in detail on sedimentology and stratigraphy. Based on lithology, sedimentary structures, bedding geometry and traces fossil, the sediments of the Miri Formation were grouped into fourteen lithofacies. Influence of tide and storm during the depositional processes of the formation were indicated by the group of two main facies associations which are: (i) tide-dominated estuary; and (ii) wave-and-storm dominated facies associations. The tide-dominated estuary system of the Miri Formation are includes variety of sub environments: estuary mouth or tidal channel and sand bars (characterized by trough cross-stratified sandstone with mud drapes facies), estuary channel or upper flow regime of sand flat (characterized by parallel stratified sandstone with mud-laminas facies), mixed-tidal flat (characterized by wavy and flaser bedded sandstone facies), and mud-tidal flat (characterized by rhythmic stratified sandstone-mudstone and lenticular bedding facies). The wave-and-storm dominated varied from lower to middle shoreface (characterized by hummocky cross-stratified sandstone and rhythmic parallel stratified sandstone and laminated siltstone facies), upper shoreface (characterized by swaley cross-stratified sandstone), lower shoreface (interbedded to bioturbated sandstone and siltstone facies), and offshore transitional (characterized by bioturbated sandstone and mudstone interbedding with parallel to hummocky cross-stratified sandstone facies).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Introduction
By using or sharing content from EKSPLORIUM - Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir ("the Journal"), you agree to follow these Terms and Conditions. The Journal's content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) license. If you do not agree to these terms, please do not use the content.
2. How You Can Use the Content
-
Share: You can copy, share, and distribute the work, but only for non-commercial purposes.
-
Adapt: You can change, remix, or build on the work, as long as it is for non-commercial purposes and you share it under the same license (CC BY-NC-SA).
3. Attribution (Giving Credit)
When you use or share the content, you must:
-
Give proper credit to the author(s).
-
Mention the title of the work and the journal name.
-
Provide a link to the license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
-
Indicate if you made any changes to the work.
4. Non-Commercial Use
You cannot use the work to make money or for any commercial activities. For example, you cannot sell or use the content in advertisements.
If you want to use the content for commercial purposes, you need to get permission from the author(s) or the publisher.
5. ShareAlike
If you make changes to the content (like creating a new version or remixing it), you must share your new version under the same CC BY-NC-SA license.
6. Exclusions
Some materials in the Journal may have different licenses or restrictions, such as third-party content (like images or datasets). You must respect the rules for those materials.
7. No Warranty
The content is provided "as is." The authors and publisher do not guarantee that the content is error-free or suitable for any specific purpose. Use the content at your own risk.
8. Modifications and Withdrawal of Content
The publisher and authors can update or remove content at any time. If content is removed, the previous versions will still follow these terms.
9. Ethical Use
You must use the content ethically and follow all relevant laws. This includes properly citing the original authors and not misusing the content.
10. Legal Compliance
You are responsible for making sure your use of the content follows the laws of your country. If you believe content violates your rights, please contact us.
11. Changes to Terms
These Terms and Conditions may be updated from time to time. Any changes will be posted on the Journal's website.
12. Contact Information
For questions about these Terms or for permission to use content commercially, please contact us at:
-
Email: eksplorium@brin.go.id
-
Website: https://ejournal.brin.go.id/eksplorium
Conclusion
By using the content from EKSPLORIUM - Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir, you agree to follow these Terms and Conditions and the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International License.
