Evaluasi Massa Batuan Terowongan Eksplorasi Uranium Eko-Remaja, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Eko-Remaja uranium exploration tunnel, Kalan, West Kalimantan is one of the important facilities for uranium deposit research. The tunnel was built in 1980 with a length of 618 meters penetrating Eko Hill on both sides. The rock inside the tunnel is relatively compact, but it has weak zones in some area. Ground supporting is a method used to overcome the soil and rock collapses which occurred in the tunnel weak zones. Installation of ground supporting system throughout the recent time based on the soil collapse pattern, which occurred when the tunnel opened without any specific study related to rock mass characterization and the requirement of ground support system. This research conducted to evaluate the safety level of Eko-Remaja tunnel and the suitability of ground support location. The evaluation performed by comparing the rock mass characteristics using Rock Mass Rating (RMR) method between the installed rock support and uninstalled rock support locations. Based on the analysis result, RMR value on the installed ground support is classified as class IV or poor rock. Meanwhile, on uninstalled location, the rock is classified as class II or fair rock. Based on the correlation between RMR calculation result and Eko-Remaja tunnel roof span, it is concluded that tunnel ground supports position which are represented by observation location on 38 m, 73 m, and 165 m depth are suitable with rock mass characterization system using RMR method.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Introduction
By using or sharing content from EKSPLORIUM - Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir ("the Journal"), you agree to follow these Terms and Conditions. The Journal's content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) license. If you do not agree to these terms, please do not use the content.
2. How You Can Use the Content
-
Share: You can copy, share, and distribute the work, but only for non-commercial purposes.
-
Adapt: You can change, remix, or build on the work, as long as it is for non-commercial purposes and you share it under the same license (CC BY-NC-SA).
3. Attribution (Giving Credit)
When you use or share the content, you must:
-
Give proper credit to the author(s).
-
Mention the title of the work and the journal name.
-
Provide a link to the license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
-
Indicate if you made any changes to the work.
4. Non-Commercial Use
You cannot use the work to make money or for any commercial activities. For example, you cannot sell or use the content in advertisements.
If you want to use the content for commercial purposes, you need to get permission from the author(s) or the publisher.
5. ShareAlike
If you make changes to the content (like creating a new version or remixing it), you must share your new version under the same CC BY-NC-SA license.
6. Exclusions
Some materials in the Journal may have different licenses or restrictions, such as third-party content (like images or datasets). You must respect the rules for those materials.
7. No Warranty
The content is provided "as is." The authors and publisher do not guarantee that the content is error-free or suitable for any specific purpose. Use the content at your own risk.
8. Modifications and Withdrawal of Content
The publisher and authors can update or remove content at any time. If content is removed, the previous versions will still follow these terms.
9. Ethical Use
You must use the content ethically and follow all relevant laws. This includes properly citing the original authors and not misusing the content.
10. Legal Compliance
You are responsible for making sure your use of the content follows the laws of your country. If you believe content violates your rights, please contact us.
11. Changes to Terms
These Terms and Conditions may be updated from time to time. Any changes will be posted on the Journal's website.
12. Contact Information
For questions about these Terms or for permission to use content commercially, please contact us at:
-
Email: eksplorium@brin.go.id
-
Website: https://ejournal.brin.go.id/eksplorium
Conclusion
By using the content from EKSPLORIUM - Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir, you agree to follow these Terms and Conditions and the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International License.
References
A. Zaenal, “Beton Cetak Bertulang sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Kayu Penyangga di Terowongan Eksplorasi U Eko Remaja Kal-Bar,” Prosiding Seminar Geologi Nuklir dan Sumberdaya Tambang, 2006.
Z. T. Bieniawski, Engineering Rock Mass Classification: A Complete Manual for Engineers and Geologists in Mining, Civil, and Petroleum Engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1989.
F. Ferrari, T. Apuani, and G. P. Giani, “Rock Mass Rating Spatial Estimation by Geostatistical Analysis,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., vol. 70, pp. 162–176, 2014.
S. S. D. P. Kanungo and S. Kumar, “Rock Mass Classification and Slope Stability Assessment of Road Cut Slopes in Garhwal Himalaya, India,” 2012.
A. Benato and P. Oreste, “Prediction of Penetration Per Revolution in TBM Tunneling as A Function of Intact Rock and Rock Mass Characteristics,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., vol. 74, pp. 119–127, 2015.
C. Chen and Y. Liu, “A Methodology for Evaluation and Classification of Rock Mass Quality on Tunnel Engineering,” vol. 22, pp. 377–387, 2007.
S. Dochez, F. Laouafa, C. Franck, S. Guedon, M. Bost, and J. D. Amato, “Influence of Water on Rock Discontinuities and Stability of Rock Mass,” Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., vol. 7, pp. 219–222, 2013.
H. Farhadian, H. Katibeh, P. Huggenberger, and C. Butscher, “Optimum Model Extent for Numerical Simulation of Tunnel Inflow in Fractured Rock,” Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., vol. 60, pp. 21–29, 2016.
L. Zhang, “Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Determination and Applications of Rock Quality Designation (RQD),” vol. 8, pp. 389–397, 2016.
A. Lowson, “Critical Assessment of RMR based Tunnel Design Practices: a Practical Engineer’s Approach,” in Rapid Excavation & Tunneling Conf., 2013.
V. Nguyen and Q. Nguyen, “Analytical Solution for Estimating The Stand-Up Time of the Rock Mass Surrounding Tunnel,” Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol. Inc. Trenchless Technol. Res., vol. 47, pp. 10–15, 2015.
S. R. Rahutomo, “Evaluasi Penyanggaan pada Terowongan Eksplorasi Tambang Uranium Eko-Remaja, Pusat Pengembangan Geologi Nuklir-BATAN, Kalimantan Barat,” Skripsi UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta, 2013.
N. Bilgin, H. Copur, and C. Balci, “Use of Schmidt Hammer with Special Reference to Strength Reduction Factor Related to Cleat Presence in A Coal Mine,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., vol. 84, pp. 25–33, 2016.
R. Arwanto, “Respon Kuat Tekan Hammer Test dengan Compression Test pada Beton Normal dan Beton Paska Bakar,” Media Komun. Tek. Sipil, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 85–94, 2006.
H. S. Karyono, “Analisis Kontrol Tektonik pada Vein Mineralisasi di Bukit Eko, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat,” in Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan ke-2 IAGI, 1991, pp. 115–128.
I. Yilmaz and H. Sendir, “Correlation of Schmidt Hardness with Unconfined Compressive Strength and Young’s Modulus in Gypsum from Sivas (Turkey),” Eng. Geol., vol. 66, no. 3–4, pp. 211–219, 2002.
H. Syaeful, “Analisis Karakteristik Massa Batuan di Sektor Lemajung, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat,” Eksplorium, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 17–30, 2015.
