Characterization of Radioactive and Rare Earth Elements in Heavy Minerals from River Sediments in Marau Region, Ketapang, West Kalimantan
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Alluvium deposits from the Kendawangan River located in Marau, Ketapang, West Kalimantan have been known for their radioactive and rare earth mineral potential. In this paper, heavy minerals taken from alluvium deposits will be characterized to determine the elemental distribution of uranium, thorium, and rare earth elements in each mineral and their mineralogical composition. The samples are taken by panning and prepared using the flotation method to obtain heavy mineral concentrates. Geochemical analysis was carried out using a Bruker M4 Tornado plus Micro-XRF and continued with mineralogical analysis using AMICS (Advanced Mineral Identification and Characterization System) software. It was found that the distribution of heavy minerals from the sand samples was dominated by manganoan ilmenite, ilmenite, rutile, zircon, magnetite, and monazite, as well as thorite, cassiterite, xenotime, allanite, and other minerals in small quantities. Uranium, thorium, and rare earth elements are found in monazite, thorite, xenotime, zircon, and allanite.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Introduction
By using or sharing content from EKSPLORIUM - Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir ("the Journal"), you agree to follow these Terms and Conditions. The Journal's content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) license. If you do not agree to these terms, please do not use the content.
2. How You Can Use the Content
-
Share: You can copy, share, and distribute the work, but only for non-commercial purposes.
-
Adapt: You can change, remix, or build on the work, as long as it is for non-commercial purposes and you share it under the same license (CC BY-NC-SA).
3. Attribution (Giving Credit)
When you use or share the content, you must:
-
Give proper credit to the author(s).
-
Mention the title of the work and the journal name.
-
Provide a link to the license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
-
Indicate if you made any changes to the work.
4. Non-Commercial Use
You cannot use the work to make money or for any commercial activities. For example, you cannot sell or use the content in advertisements.
If you want to use the content for commercial purposes, you need to get permission from the author(s) or the publisher.
5. ShareAlike
If you make changes to the content (like creating a new version or remixing it), you must share your new version under the same CC BY-NC-SA license.
6. Exclusions
Some materials in the Journal may have different licenses or restrictions, such as third-party content (like images or datasets). You must respect the rules for those materials.
7. No Warranty
The content is provided "as is." The authors and publisher do not guarantee that the content is error-free or suitable for any specific purpose. Use the content at your own risk.
8. Modifications and Withdrawal of Content
The publisher and authors can update or remove content at any time. If content is removed, the previous versions will still follow these terms.
9. Ethical Use
You must use the content ethically and follow all relevant laws. This includes properly citing the original authors and not misusing the content.
10. Legal Compliance
You are responsible for making sure your use of the content follows the laws of your country. If you believe content violates your rights, please contact us.
11. Changes to Terms
These Terms and Conditions may be updated from time to time. Any changes will be posted on the Journal's website.
12. Contact Information
For questions about these Terms or for permission to use content commercially, please contact us at:
-
Email: eksplorium@brin.go.id
-
Website: https://ejournal.brin.go.id/eksplorium
Conclusion
By using the content from EKSPLORIUM - Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir, you agree to follow these Terms and Conditions and the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International License.
References
[1] K. S. Patel et al., “Occurrence of uranium, thorium and rare earth elements in the environment: A review,” Front. Environ. Sci., vol. 10, no. January, pp. 1–18, 2023, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.1058053.
[2] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry Of Justice, Minerals Law. Afganistan, 2019, p. 53.
[3] L. Subiantoro, B. Soetopo, and D. Haryanto, “Kajian Awal Prospek Bahan Galian Monasit Mengandung U dan Elemen Asosiasinya di Semelangan Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat,” Eksplorium, vol. XXXII, no. 155, pp. 1–16, 2011.
[4] M. K. M. D. Putra, D. Fergiawan, I. A. A. Ramadhan, and S. S. M. S. Al-Akbar, “Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements Deposits in Ketapang Regency . West Borneo,” in Proceedings Join Convention Bandung (JCB), 2021.
[5] T. Muliyana and E. Putra, “Penyelidikan dan Evaluasi Potensi Rare Earth Element (REE) dan Mineral Ikutan pada Wilayah Bekas Tambang/Tailing di Kecamatan Kendawangan, Kabupaten Ketapang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat,” 2015.
[6] H. Syaeful, K. S. Widana, I. G. Sukadana, and A. G. Muhammad, “Rare Earth Element Exploration in Indonesia,” in Proceedings Of Sundaland Resources 2014 MGEI Annual Convention, 2014, pp. 205–217.
[7] H. Syaeful, K. S. Widana, and S. Sudarto, “Inventarisasi Monasit pada Das Kendawangan di Kecamatan Kendawangan dan Marau, Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Geologi Nuklir dan Sumber Daya Tambang, 2014, pp. 181–192.
[8] A. Setyanto and M. Surachman, “The Occurrences of Heavy Mineral Placer at Kendawangan and Its Surrounding, West Kalimantan Province,” Bull. Mar. Geol., vol. 32, no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.32693/bomg.32.1.2017.319.
[9] Widodo, R. Fauzi, and Y. Rachael, “Kajian Hubungan antara Sedimentasi Rombakan Granit dengan Kadar Monasit di Daerah Marau, Ketapang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Energi Nuklir 2020, 2020, pp. 235–242.
[10] B. Soetopo, H. Syaeful, A. Marzuki, and S. Sudarto, “Tinjauan Umum Potensi Sumberdaya Monasit Di Daerah Ketapang Kalimantan Barat,” Eksplorium, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 103–114, 2011.
[11] H. Syaeful, I. G. Sukadana, Y. S. B. Susilo, F. D. Indrastomo, A. G. Muhammad, and Ngadenin, “Uranium exploration, deposit, and resources: The key of nuclear power plant development program in Indonesia,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 2048, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2048/1/012003.
[12] F. D. Indrastomo, I. G. Sukadana, A. Saepuloh, and A. H. Harsolumakso, “Integrated Radiometric Mapping using Field Based and Remote Sensing Techniques for Uranium and Thorium Exploration at Mamuju Region, West Sulawesi, Indonesia,” in Proceedings Joint Convention Balikpapan 2015, 2015.
[13] S. Flude, M. Haschke, and M. Storey, “Application of benchtop micro-XRF to geological materials,” Mineral. Mag., vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 923–948, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1180/minmag.2016.080.150.
[14] H. Wang et al., “Sulphur variations in annually layered stalagmites using benchtop micro-XRF,” Spectrochim. Acta - Part B At. Spectrosc., vol. 189, no. August 2021, p. 106366, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.sab.2022.106366.
[15] S. M. Mentzer, “Micro XRF,” in Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2017, pp. 431–440.
[16] D. Sudana, B. Djamal, and Sukido, “Peta Geologi Lembar Kendawangan Kalimantan,” Bandung, 1994.
[17] Yunxiang Ni, J. M. Hughes, and A. N. Mariano, “Crystal chemistry of the monazite and xenotime structures,” Am. Mineral., vol. 80, no. 1–2, pp. 21–26, 1995, doi: 10.2138/am-1995-1-203.
[18] R. J. Finch and J. M. Hanchar, “Structure and chemistry of zircon and zircon-group minerals,” Rev. Mineral. Geochemistry, vol. 53, 2003, doi: 10.2113/0530001.
