1. Purpose, Scope, and Types of Misconduct

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia is committed to protecting the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scholarly record. Allegations of research or publication misconduct relating to submitted manuscripts, published articles, peer review, editorial activities, or other content associated with Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will be handled fairly, confidentially, and in accordance with relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

This policy applies to authors, reviewers, editors, editorial staff, and other individuals involved in Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia's publication processes.

Conduct covered by this policy includes, but is not limited to:

• Fabrication or falsification of data, results, methods, or research records;
• Inappropriate manipulation of images, figures, or research evidence;
• Plagiarism, substantial unattributed copying, or inappropriate text recycling;
• Duplicate, redundant, or concurrent submission or publication;
• False or misleading authorship and contributorship;
• Citation manipulation, coercive citation, or organized citation arrangements;
• Manipulation of peer review, reviewer identity, or editorial processes;
• Failure to disclose relevant competing interests or funding;
• Unethical research involving humans, animals, personal data, or protected materials;
• Misrepresentation of ethical approval, informed consent, data availability, or reproducibility;
• Paper-mill activity, fabricated manuscripts, or fraudulent submission practices;
• Unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential manuscript or peer-review information;
• Undisclosed or prohibited use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies; and
• Other conduct that may materially compromise research or publication integrity.

This list is not exhaustive. Honest error, legitimate scientific disagreement, or differences in interpretation do not, by themselves, constitute misconduct. Such matters may nevertheless require clarification or editorial action to protect the scholarly record.

2. Reporting an Allegation

Any person may report suspected research or publication misconduct involving Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia.

Reports should be submitted in writing to:

Email: jbbijournalbrin@gmail.com

Recommended subject: Allegation of Research or Publication Misconduct

A report should include, where available:

• The article title, DOI, URL, or manuscript identification number;
• The persons or activities concerned;
• A clear description of the suspected misconduct;
• Relevant passages, data, images, citations, or other materials; and
• Supporting evidence and any relevant relationship or competing interest of the reporting person.

Reporters are not required to establish conclusively that misconduct occurred. However, allegations should be made in good faith and provide sufficient information for an initial assessment.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may consider anonymous allegations when they contain specific and verifiable evidence. Anonymous reporting may limit communication and the ability to seek clarification.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may decline allegations that are clearly unsupported or made primarily to harass, intimidate, or pursue unrelated personal disputes. Any credible publication-integrity concern contained in such a report may still be assessed.

3. Principles and Responsibilities

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will handle allegations according to the following principles:

Confidentiality. Information will be shared only with persons who need it to assess, investigate, or resolve the matter. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will make reasonable efforts to protect the reporter's identity, but absolute confidentiality cannot be guaranteed where disclosure is necessary for a fair process or required by law.

Fairness and right of response. The person whose conduct is questioned will normally be informed of the substance of the allegation and given a reasonable opportunity to respond. Disclosure may be delayed where necessary to protect evidence, confidentiality, or an external investigation.

Impartiality. Cases must be handled by qualified persons without relevant competing interests. Anyone with a conflict must withdraw from the assessment or decision.

Proportionality. The assessment and any resulting action will reflect the credibility, seriousness, evidence, and potential consequences of the allegation.

Protection of the scholarly record. Journal editorial responsibility is to assess the reliability of submitted and published content and take appropriate action when the publication record may be compromised.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia does not replace formal investigations by research institutions, employers, funders, ethics committees, or other competent authorities. Such bodies generally investigate research conduct and determine institutional or disciplinary consequences. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia remains responsible for editorial decisions concerning submissions and published articles.

4. Assessment and Investigation Procedure

4.1. Preliminary Assessment

Where contact information is available, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will acknowledge receipt of the allegation. The Editor-in-Chief or a designated editor without a relevant conflict of interest will assess whether the matter falls within Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia's remit, whether the concern is sufficiently specific and credible, and whether further action is warranted.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may request additional information and preserve relevant submission files, correspondence, reviewer reports, data, images, similarity reports, and other records.

4.2. Response and Independent Assessment

Where appropriate, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will request an explanation and supporting documentation from the person or persons concerned. Depending on the case, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may contact the corresponding author, individual co-authors, reviewers, editors, or other relevant parties.

The corresponding author will not be treated as the sole representative where the allegation concerns that person or responses from other authors are necessary.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may consult independent subject specialists, statistical reviewers, image-integrity experts, or research-integrity advisers. Confidential information will be disclosed only to the extent necessary for the assessment.

Failure to respond within a reasonable period does not prevent Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia from proceeding on the available evidence.

4.3. Referral to Institutions or Other Bodies

When a formal investigation of research conduct is required, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may refer the matter to the relevant institution, employer, funder, ethics committee, regulator, or other competent body.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may provide relevant evidence and cooperate with institutional investigations, subject to applicable confidentiality, data-protection, and legal requirements. The journal may also cooperate with other publishers where the same content or suspected misconduct affects multiple publications.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia is not required to wait indefinitely for an institutional investigation before taking editorial action. Where the available evidence is sufficient, or delay would expose readers to significant risk, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may act independently to protect the scholarly record.

5. Interim Measures and Outcomes

5.1. Interim Measures

While a matter is being assessed, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may:

• Suspend peer review, editorial decision-making, acceptance, or publication;
• Request additional data, images, documentation, or explanations;
• Delay publication of an accepted manuscript;
• Refer the matter to an appropriate institution or authority; or
• Publish an Expression of Concern when serious unresolved questions affect a published article.

Interim measures are precautionary and do not, by themselves, constitute a finding of misconduct.

5.2. Submitted Manuscripts

Depending on the evidence and findings, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may:

• Close the matter without further action;
• Request clarification, correction, additional analysis, or supporting evidence;
• Require appropriate changes to authorship, acknowledgements, disclosures, data statements, or citations;
• Continue, repeat, or terminate peer review;
• Reject the manuscript or withdraw an acceptance decision; or
• Refer the matter to an institution, funder, another journal, or competent authority.

5.3. Published Articles

Depending on the reliability of the published content and the seriousness of the findings, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia may:

• Take no further action;
• Publish a clarification or Correction;
• Publish an Expression of Concern;
• Retract the article;
• Retract and replace the article where the relevant policy permits; or
• Remove the article in exceptional circumstances involving legal requirements, serious infringement of rights, or substantial risk of harm.

Such actions will follow Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia's Corrections, Retractions, Withdrawals, Removals, and Replacements Policy.

When an allegation is not substantiated, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will close the case without an adverse finding and take reasonable steps to avoid unnecessary reputational harm to those involved.

6. Allegations Involving Editors, Reviewers, or the Journal

Allegations involving an editor or reviewer must be handled by another qualified person who has not participated in the relevant matter and has no relevant competing interest.

An allegation involving the Editor-in-Chief or the Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia Editorial Office should be submitted to the publisher at:

Email: jurnal@rmpi.brin.go.id

The publisher will designate an appropriate independent person or body to assess the matter. A person who is the subject of an allegation must not participate in decisions concerning that allegation.

If the designated person or body also has a relevant competing interest, the matter must be referred to another independent and appropriately authorized party.

7. Communication, Records, and Reconsideration

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will inform directly affected parties of the outcome where appropriate and consistent with confidentiality, privacy, and legal obligations. The reporting person may be informed whether the matter was assessed, referred, closed, or resulted in public editorial action. Confidential evidence, personal information, and restricted institutional findings may not be disclosed.

Public editorial notices will provide sufficient information to explain the action taken without including defamatory, confidential, or legally restricted material.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will maintain appropriate records of allegations, correspondence, evidence, assessments, decisions, and resulting actions in accordance with applicable institutional policies, data-protection requirements, and legal obligations.

A person directly affected by a finding or editorial action may request reconsideration when material new evidence becomes available, a significant procedural error may have affected the outcome, or a relevant competing interest was not identified. Requests must explain the grounds and provide supporting evidence. Mere disagreement with the decision is insufficient.

Where practicable, reconsideration will be handled by a person who was not responsible for the original decision and has no relevant competing interest.

8. Related Policies and Review

This policy should be read together with Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia's policies on:

• Publication Ethics;
• Complaints and Appeals;
• Plagiarism Screening;
• Artificial Intelligence;
• Authorship and Contributorship;
• Conflicts of Interest;
• Corrections, Retractions, Withdrawals, Removals, and Replacements; and
• Post-Publication Discussions.

Where policies overlap, Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will apply the procedure most appropriate to the nature and status of the case.

Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia will periodically review this policy to maintain consistency with developments in research integrity, publication ethics, applicable law, and COPE guidance.