Enhancing Investment Climate through Integrated Border Management: A Case Study of The Riau Islands Border Zone
Keywords:
Integrated Border Management (IBM), Investment Climate, Border Management, Cross-Border Management, Economic DevelopmentAbstract
As an Indonesian province adjacent to Singapore and Malaysia, the Riau Islands is also strategically a foreign investment center. Unfortunately, ongoing challenges in border management, from inter-agency coordination to cumbersome customs procedures and insufficient infrastructure, undermine its investment appeal. Border efficiency and investment climate will be the idea of this research under an IBM (Integrated Border Management) scheme in Riau Islands cities such as Batam, Bintan and Karimun. This study tackles three central research question as following; What are the main problems of border management in Riau Islands? and What are the IBM principles that can apply here as things we must be putting in practice to overcome these challenges? Method: To address these questions, the study uses qualitative research methodology, combining in-depth interviews with government officials and policy analysts as well as local business leaders with document analysis of regional border and trade policies. The results indicate the constraint of coordination of Indonesian border agencies, absence of effective bilateral formulary with Singapore and Malaysia become main issues affecting efficient delivery/serving at the borders. A two-tiered IBM will be proposed in this study: firstly on strengthening the Indonesian agencies to enable national integration to reduce operational burden and bureaucratic delay; secondly on the international collaboration with neighbouring countries to improve cross-border mobility and ensuring security. As a result, the application of IBM will optimize transit time, lower administrative cost and provide certainty in the regulation applies so that Riau Islands could be more appealing to foreign investors. This indicates that an IBM is not only required for border security but also a strategic instrument for regional economic development.
References
Agung Djojosoekarto et. al. (editor). 2011. Rumusan Rekomendasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Perbatasan di Kepulauan Riau. Jakarta: Kemitraan bagi Pembaruan Tata Pemerintahan (Partnership)
Azis, H.A. 2010, ‘The bridge of Batam, Bintan and Karimum to Singapore: FTZs and investment opportunities’, speech presented 16 March 2010, at the Traders Hotel, Singapore by Chairman of the Budget Committee of the House of Representatives and Member of Parliament from Riau Archipelago, Republic of Indonesia.
Badan Nasional Pengelola Perbatasan (BNPP) Republik Indonesia. 2011. Desain Besar (Grand Design) Pengelolaan Batas Wilayah Negara dan Kawasan Perbatasan 2011-2025.
Bakir, A. (2019). Border Management in Maritime Regions: Challenges and Strategies. Journal of Border Studies, 15(2), 200-213.
Brunet-Jailly, E. (2005). Theorizing Borders: An Analytical Framework. Geopolitics, 10(4), 633-649.
Buzan, B., & Wæver, O. (2003). Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge University Press.
Cho, Dong-Sung dan Hwy-Chang Moon. 2003. From Adam Smith to Michael Porter: Evolusi Teori Daya Saing. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Coulter, Mary. 2002. Strategic Management in Action. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Darma A.S.I. 2006. Menghadapi Singapura di Masa Depan. Makalah Diskusi di Lab. Pertahanan “Defensia” UPN Yogyakarta, 3 Oktober 2006.
Drucker, Peter. 1946. Concept of Corporation. John Day Company.
Ediar Usman dkk. 2005. Pemetaan Geologi dan Potensi Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Bersistem (LP 1017) Batam – Riau Kepulauan. Balitbang Geologi Kelautan: Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral.
Emmers, R. (2019). Maritime Security in Southeast Asia. Routledge.
Harry Azhar Azis, 2010 Era Perdagangan Bebas Kawasan Batam Bintan Karimun, Orasi Ilmiah di STIE Ibnu Sina, Batam, 19 Juni 2010.
Hidayat, T., et al. (2016). Illegal Activities in Indonesian Border Areas and Their Impact on Regional Security. Journal of Border Studies, 32(4), 221-235.
Hills, S. (2006). Inter-Agency Coordination in Complex Border Environments. Public Policy and Management, 12(1), 44-57.
Ho, J., & Bateman, S. (2012). Maritime Security in Southeast Asia: Securing the Sea Lanes. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 34(3), 324-339.
Institute for Defense, Security and Peace Studies (IDSPS), Pengelolaan dan Pengamanan Wilayah Perbatasan, Jakarta, April 2009.
McLinden, G. (2011). Border Management Modernization. World Bank.
Munas, R. (2011). Socioeconomic Disparities in Indonesian Border Regions. Borderland Studies Review, 8(1), 56-68.
Kenichi Ohmae. 2002. Hancurnya Negara Bangsa. Terj. Dari The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies. Jogjakarta: Qalam.
Rizal Darmaputra. 2009. Manajemen Perbatasan dan Reformasi Sektor Keamanan. Jakarta: IDSPS-DCAF.
Riwanto Tirtosudarmo. 1996. Demografi Politik: Pembangunan Indonesia dari Riau sampai Timor Timur. Jakarta: Sinar Harapan.
Rudi, R., & Kadir, K. (2020). Economic Growth in Indonesian Free Trade Zones: The Case of Riau Islands. Asian Economic Policy Review, 15(2), 313-332.
Sumardiman, Adi. 2002. Analisis dan evaluasi hukum tentang pengaturan skema pemisah lalu lintas pelayaran. Jakarta: Departemen Hukum dan Perundang-Undangan.
Sutisna, Sobar dkk. 2011. Rekomendasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Perbatasan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemitraan bagi Pembaruan Tata Pemerintahan.
Suharno, E., & Kuncoro, D. (2019). Indonesia's Border Management Policy: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 28(1), 100-115.
Michel Zarnowiecki. 2011. Borders, their design, and their operation, Border Management Modernization.
Manfred Summereder, Rinus Gijzel, Marco Mamone, Radomir Djuric, Hardy Roehling. 2006.Kosovo National Integrated Border Management Strategy. Human Dynamics – public sector consulting.
Puslitbang Geologi Kelautan, Konservasi Potensi Mineral di Perbatasan Indonesia-Singapura.
Rizal Darmaputra. 2009. Manajemen Perbatasan dan Reformasi Sektor Keamanan, Jakarta : IDSPS, DCAF.
Thompson, J.D. (2017). Organizations in Action. McGraw Hill.
Wong, T. (2020). Bureaucratic Fragmentation in Border Management: The Case of Riau Islands. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(6), 493-510
Mass Media:
Ade P. Nasution, Lahan, Ekonomi Rente dan Keadilan Ekonomi, Batam Pos, 24 Mei 2012.
Andrea Abdul. 2012. Strategi Pengelolaan Wilayah Perbatasan, Kompasiana, 03 July 2012.
Bisnis Kepri.com, FTZ Batam dan anomaly iklim investasi, 2 Maret 2012
Bisnis Indonesia, Realisasi investasi Batam 2011 US$105 juta, 11 Januari 2012.
Bisnis Indonesia, 11 Januari 2012.
Bisnis.com, 07 Januari 2019.
Suara.com, 2015.
tribunbatam.id, 25 Januari 2020
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. This license allows others to remix, adapt, and build upon the work, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the same terms.
2. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or including it in a book), provided there is an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal website) prior to and during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges and increase citations of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access ).
