Ketimpangan jender dalam partisipasi ekonomi: Analisis data Sakernas 1980-2013

Abstract

The involvement of women in economic activities is a potential driving force for the economic development. Women proved to have a significant contribution in the increasing of household income. This paper describes the development of the employment of women in the labor market in Indonesia by using secondary data from Sakernas year 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2013 per month of February. This study has highlighted the transformation of labor from the agriculture sector to the non-agriculture sector in the 1980s to the 1990s that subsequently affects the employment conditions in general. The changes in the economic and socio-cultural that have progressed since the 1990s until now have an impact on the Labor Force Participation Level (TPAK), the main employment, the status and type of the employment for women labor force. Aside from that, women labors still face cultural and structural challenges that tend to marginalize the position of women in the labor market. Female labors often have to deal with injustice and discrimination in the labor market, one of which related to wages. Sakernas data shows that the average wage received by female labors/employees is 30 percent lower than the male labors/employees. Moreover, approximately 60 percent of women in the labor force are not shielded by the Law of Labor Protection because they work in the informal sector. Hence the need for the government's attention to create a work environment that is fair and safe for female labors in order to increase the women's participation in the economic activities.