Examining Women, Peace, and Security Agenda in Local Concept Case study: Aceh, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The UN security council established Resolution 1325 (SCR1325) to affirm women's vital role in peacemaking and peacebuilding in conflict. Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda emphases equal participation of men and women in the negotiation process and creates gender equality in post-conflict, and eradicates gender violence in conflict. This study illustrates how women in Aceh fight for their rights throughout the conflict and post-conflict within an unequal society; and also highlights how important to adapt the WPS agenda to ensure gender equality and social justice. By applying narrative analysis, researchers enable to explore Acehnese women's experiences and struggles in seeking justice through their narratives. The implementation of the WPS agenda in Aceh faces many challenges, both structural and cultural. Thegovernment and combatant groups overlooked women's participation in peace negotiation. When the conflict ended, gender inequality is still lingering in every aspect. Aceh women experience injustice, sexual violence, and discrimination in the domestic and public sphere. Besides revealing the challenges in adapting the WPS agenda and creating gender equality in Aceh, this study also obtains policy recommendations to be considered by the local and central governments to ensure gender justice and substantial peace for women in Aceh post-conflict.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ahyat. I. S., (2014). Muslim women in past and present governmental
leadership: case of rulers of the sultanate of Aceh and the fifth president of
the Republic of Indonesia. Journal of Education and Learning. Vol.8 (4) pp.
309-316.
Aman-Indonesia. (2020). Konsultasi Digital Nasional untuk Mengkaji
Pelaksanaan Rencana Aksi Nasional Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan
Perempuan dan Anak dalam Konflik Sosial (RAN P3AKS) Tahun 2014-2019:
Ringkasan, Kesimpulan, dan Rekomendasi. Jakarta.
Ariefana, P. & Santosa, B. (2016). Setahun diberlakukan di Aceh, qanun
jinayat diskriminasi (One year of shariah penal code is discriminative).
Suara(dot)com. 23 October 2016. retrieved from
http://www.suara.com/news/2016/10/23/133723/setahun-diberlakukan-di
-aceh-qanun-jinayat-diskriminasi
Baaz, M. E., & Stren, M., (2009). Why do soldiers rape? masculinity,
violence, and sexuality in the armed forces in the Congo (DRC).
International Studies Quarterly (2009) 53, 495–518
Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (Fifth edition.). New York:
Oxford University Press.
Buvinic, M., Gupta, M. D., Casabonne, U., Verwimp, P., (2012).Violent
conflict and gender inequality: An overview. the World Bank Research
Observer, page 110-138
Charlesworth, H. (2008). Are women oeaceful? reflections on the role of
women in peace-building. Feminist Legal Studies. 16:347–361 DOI
10.1007/s10691-008-9101-6
Cohn, C., (2013). Women and War. Polity Press. Cambridge.
Dewy, P. (2016). Pembiaran Perda Diskriminatif, Bentuk Pelanggaran
Hukum Pemerintah (The discriminative local regulation) . Press Release
Solidaritas Perempuan. retrieved from
http://www.solidaritasperempuan.org/siaran-pers-solidaritas-perempuan-
pembiaran-perda-diskriminatif-bentuk-pelanggaran-hukum-
pemerintah/#_ftn1
George, N., (2016). Institutionalising women, peace and security in the
pacific islands: gendering the ‘architecture of entitlements’? International
Political Science Review, Vol. 37(3) 375–389
George, N., Shepherd, L. J., (2016). Women, peace and security: exploring
the implementation and integration of UNSCR 1325. International Political
Science Review, Vol. 37(3) 297–306
Hudson,V. M., Bowen, D. L., & Nielsen, P. L., (2011). We are not helpless:
addressing structural gender inequality in post-conflict societies. Prism 6,
No.1. pp 123-139
Kirby, P. (2015). Ending sexual violence in confict: the preventing sexual
violence initiative and its critics. International Affairs 91: 3 (2015) 457–472
Klein, R.S., (2012). The role of women in mediation and conflict resolution:
lesson for UN security council resolution 1325. Washington and Lee
Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice, Spring, 2012, Vol.18(2), p.277-313
Komnas HAM buka dokumen pelanggaran Rumah Geudong. 10 September
2018. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20180910073938-20-
329032/komnas-ham-buka-dokumen-pelanggaran-rumah-geudong
Lockley, A., Marcoes, L., Nugroho, K., Gina, A. Aksi kolektif perempuan dan
pemberdayaan di Indonesia (Women’s Collective Action for Empowerment
in Indonesia). Jurnal Perempuan. Vol. 24 No. 1, p. 13-26
Loken, M. (2017) Rethinking Rape: The Role of Women in Wartime
Violence. Security Studies, 26:1, 60-92, DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2017.1243915
Mundkur, A. P. E. (2012). Peace and Security. Saint Lucia: University of
Queensland Press. Retrieved
from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uql/detail.action?docID=1181536
Ocktaviana, S., Santoso, W.M., Purwoko, D. (2014) Peran-peran perempuan
di wilayah konflik: antara korban, penyintas, dan agen perdamaian. Jurnal
Masyarakat dan Budaya.Vol.16, No.3. hlm. 383-398.
Ocktaviana, S. (2021). Identitas gender dan diskriminasi berlapis caleg
perempuan di ruang digital dalam Hadi, A., Thung, J.L. Nasionalisme ala
Milenial, Sebuah Disrupsi. LIPI Press. Jakarta.
P2TP2A Propinsi Aceh. 2019. Tabel bentuk-bentuk kekerasan terhadap
perempuan dan anak di provinsi aceh tahun 2014 s.d 2019.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ldgEHeIf24wGAYJQVN6zHMhMN4_Z9Hac/view
Puluhan perempuan di Lhokseumawe terjaring Razia, 13 April 2013.
Diakses dari https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2219573/puluhan-perempuan-
di-lhokseumawe-terjaring-razia-duduk-ngangkang-di-motor pada tanggal
15 Januari 2021
Priyambodo, U. 19 Maret 2021. Laksamana Malahayati, pahlawan
perempuan penumpas Cornelis de Houtman. Diakses dari
https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/132607557/laksamana-malahayati-
pahlawan-perempuan-penumpas-cornelis-de-houtman pada tanggal 20
Maret 2021
Pruitt, L. J., (2013) All-female police contingents: feminism and the
discourse of armed protection, International Peacekeeping, 20:1, 67-79,
DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2012.761836
Suherman, H. (2012). The challenge of managing peace in Aceh: the quid
pro quo of desertion of human rights in Aceh for maintaining peace.
Hukum Jentera edisi hukum dan perempuan. no.22/VII.
Wahyoningroem, S. L., (2005). Peran perempuan dan era baru di Nangroe
Aceh Darussalam (The new era of women’s role in Aceh). Antropologi
Indonesia. Januari 2005, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.93-101
Wieringa, S. (2015). “Gender harmony and the happy family: Islam, gender
and sexuality in post-Reformasi Indonesia”, South East Asia Research, vol.
23, no. 1, hh. 27–44.
Wood, E.J., (2018). Rape as a practice of war: toward a typology of political
violence. Politics & Society, 1–25