MEDIA SOSIAL DAN PERKEMBANGAN DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA SEBUAH EKSPLORASI BIBLIOMETRIK
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Abstract
Media sosial mengubah peran masyarakat dari konsumen informasi yang pasif menjadi produsen dan penyebar informasi yang aktif. Hal ini mengubah dinamika politik dan memengaruhi perkembangan demokrasi, karena tiap anggota masyarakat bisa leluasa mengekspresikan pendapatnya dan terlibat langsung dalam diskursus publik. Artikel ini memaparkan kajian bibliometrika untuk memetakan riset-riset mengenai perkembangan demokrasi di tengah masyarakat yang telah menggunakan media sosial dengan intensif. Data yang menjadi objek kajian ini adalah metadata dari artikel-artikel yang terindeks Scopus yang mengandung kata-kata “social media”, “democracy”, “democratization”, dan “Indonesia”. Aplikasi VosViewer digunakan untuk memetakan tema maupun hubungan kepengarangan (co-authorship) antar-negara asal penulis, serta aplikasi LitNetwork untuk mengidentifikasi klaster-klaster dari artikel berdasarkan kemiripan kata kunci yang digunakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa media sosial meningkatkan partisipasi publik dalam kegiatan politik, namun partisipasi ini dapat berwujud dalam bentuk yang negatif, seperti penyebaran kebencian, disinformasi, dan politik identitas. Penyebaran media sosial secara luas tidak serta-merta mendorong demokratisasi, karena kalangan elit juga dapat melakukan inovasi-inovasi otoritarian yang sebenarnya membatasi partisipasi warga dan munculnya kekuatan alternatif dengan aturan-aturan yang baru. Peningkatan kematangan demokrasi di Indonesia juga ditentukan oleh kualitas dan keakuratan informasi yang disebar secara masif melalui media sosial.
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