PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN PERDAGANGAN PEREMPUAN YANG BERORIENTASI PERLINDUNGAN KORBAN
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
According to the ‘push and pull’ factors of human trafficking, traffickers and recruiters take advantage of the legal vacuum and of socio-economic problems present in local areas. Unemployment, poverty, lack of education, gender discrimination and family violence are conditions that turn recruitment into an easy task ― especially when future victims are often recruited under false pretences and with false promises. Once recruited, these human beings are most frequently turned into traffickers’ commodities and end up as victims of forced labour and sexual exploitation.This paper intends to show the importance of proper help and protection for women as trafficking victims. ‘Best practices’ such as psychological, social and economic assistance both before and after repatriation to the country of origin, may help to empower victims and to protect them to avoid them for being involved in human trafficking. Moreover, the promotion of victims’ needs is essential for the promotion of human security, which should also be a target of the countertrafficking law enforcement.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abueva, Amihan. 2007. “Usaha Memproses Pelaku Perdagangan Anak Secara Hukum Masih Belum Cukupâ€, dalam Jurnal Perempuan edisi 51 tahun 2007.
Adi, Rianto dan Syarief Darmoyo. 2004. Trafiking Anak Untuk Pekerja Rumah Tangga (Kasus Jakarta), Cetakan pertama. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Pembangunan Masyarakat (PKPM) Unika Atma Jaya.
Gosita, Arif. 1993. Masalah Korban Kejahatan, Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo.
--------. 2004. â€Masalah Korban Kejahatan (Kumpulan Karangan) Pemahaman Perempuan dan Kekerasanâ€, Jakarta: PT Bhuwana Ilmu Populer.
Holt-Jensen, Arild. 1999. Geography: history and concepts, A student’s guide, 3rd edtition, London: Sage Publications.
Booket No. 3 in A Serie on International Youth Issues. 1995. “Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: Youth Involved in Prostitution, Pornography & Sex Traffickingâ€. Youth Advocate Program International.
Carling, A. 1992. Social Divisions. London: Verso.
Coleman, J. 1973. The Mathematics of Collective Action. London: Heinemann.
Crawford, Adam. 1998. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: politics, policies, and practices. London and New York: Addison Wesley Longman Limited.
DERAP WARAPSARI. 2003. Perlindungan Terhadap Perempuan dan Anak yang Menjadi Korban Kekerasan, Edisi ke II, hlm. 2.
Dermawan, Mohammad Kemal. 2000. Strategi Pencegahan Kejahatan, Bandung: PT. Aditya Bakti.
Dirjosisworo, Soedjono. 1985. Kuliah Prof Donald R. Cressey tentang Kejahatan Mafia. Bandung: Armico. Hlm. 32–33.
Harkrisnowo, Harkristuti. 1996. “Lapangan Perdagangan Manusia di Indonesiaâ€. Sentra HAM–UI, Februari 2003. Hlm. 5. Sebagaimana yang dikutip dari United Nations.
----------------. 2004. “’Transnation Organized Crime’: Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologiâ€. Indonesian Journal of International Law, Volume 1, No. 2 Januari. Hlm. 335.
Heath, A. 1976. Rational Choice and Social Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Holloway and Hubbart. 2002. Human Trafficking and Its Potential Environment, Prentice Hall, Harlow, Essex.
Irwanto, dkk. 2006. Jeratan Hutang dalam Perdagangan Manusia. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Pembangunan Masyarakat (PKPM) Unika Atma Jaya, cetakan pertama.
Josef Gugler (Ed.). 1988. The Urbanization of the Third World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kesejahteraan Rakyat, 2004–2005. Penghapusan Perdagangan Orang di Indonesia.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan. 2003. Penghapusan Eksploitasi Seksual Komersial Anak, hlm. 26.
Kusumawardhani, D.T.P. (Ed.). 2010. Human Trafficking: Upaya Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Terpadu Terhadap Perdagangan Perempuan. Jakarta: PMB-LIPI.
Lewis Holloway and Phil Hubbard. 2001. People and Place: The Extraordinary Geographies of Everyday Life, Pearson Education Ltd., Harlow, Essex.
Peter Hagget. 2001. Geography: A Global Synthesis, Prentice Hall, Harlow, Essex.
Reginald G. Golledge and Robert J. Stimson. 1997. Spatial Behavior: A Geographic Perspectives, New York: The Guilfod Press.
Kompas Cyber Media Kamis, 27 September 2001, â€Traffickingâ€
Kegiatan Kriminal, download 12 Agustus 2005 pukul 08.00.
Kompas Cyber Media Selasa, 3 Juli 2001, Masalah “Trafficking†Anak Diprioritaskan Jakarta, download 12 Agustus 2005 pukul 08.00.
Kompas Cyber Media, Berbagai Pelanggaran Hukum “Trafficking†Tak Berlanjut ke Pengadilan, download 12 Agustus 2005 pukul 00.
Kompas Cyber Media, Kamis, 18 Oktober 2001, Perlu Kerja Sama Lintas Sektor untuk Mengatasi “Traffickingâ€, download 12 Agustus 2005 pukul 08.00.
Kompas Cyber Media, Kamis, 27 September 2001, “Traffickingâ€
Kegiatan Kriminal, download 12 Agustus 2005 pukul 08.00.
Kompas Cyber Media, Sabtu, 2 Maret 2002 Nancy Ely-Raphel: Kami Tidak Bisa Bekerja Sendiri, download 12 Agustus 2005 pukul 00.
Kompas Cyber Media, Waspada! Jawa Timur Ladang Subur “Traffickingâ€, download 12 Agustus 2005 pukul 08.00.
Kompas Cyber Media, Waspada! Jawa Timur Ladang Subur “Traffickingâ€, download 12 Agustus 2005 pukul 08.00.
Protokol Pilihan untuk Konvension mengenai Hak-hak anak ditemukan pada www.unhcr.ch/html/menu2/dopchild.htm.
Uchida, E. (2002a, June 15). Indonesia’s Major Donors See Slow Progress in Poverty Reduction. Retrieved on January 31, 2003, from http://www.geocities.com.
Undang-Undang:
UU No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan.
UU No. 39 Tahun 2004 tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Luar Negeri.
UU No. 9 Tahun 1992 tentang Keimigrasian, Sinar Grafindo, Jakarta, hlm. 19.
UU RI No. 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga, Kementrian Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Jakarta, 2004: hlm. 9, 10, 29.
UU No. 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.