KEPENTINGAN POLITIK DONALD TRUMP DAN XI JINPING DALAM MENINGKATKAN RELASI KONFLIKTUAL ANTARA AS-TIONGKOK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Authors

  • Rangga Amalul Akhli
  • Galby Rifqi Samhudi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v17i2.887

Keywords:

COVID-19, Donald Trump, kebijakan luar negeri, kepemimpinan, Xi Jinping

Abstract

Episode konflik antara Donald Trump selaku Presiden Amerika Serikat dan Xi Jinping sebagai Presiden Tiongkok memulai babak baru pada masa penyebaran pandemi COVID-19. Sosok kedua pemimpin tersebut menjadi kunci bagaimana dua negara besar ini menetapkan kebijakan darurat dan kerja sama kesehatan di ranah internasional. Artikel ini mencoba menjawab kebijakan apa yang diaplikasikan Trump dan Xi pada masa pandemi COVID-19 dan motif di balik kebijakan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan perspektif teori kepemimpinan, artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa kebijakan yang ditempuh oleh Trump dan Xi merupakan refleksi dari karakter personal keduanya dan upaya mereka untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan yang mereka nikmati pada saat ini.

References

ASEAN. “Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on ASEAN.†ASEAN Policy Brief, (April 2020): 1–17.

Aspinwall, N. “Taiwan Braces for Economic Impact of Global Coronavirus Outbreak.†6 Maret 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/taiwan-braces-for-economic-impact-of-global-coronavirus-outbreak/, diakses pada 3 Juni 2020.

Balaam, D. N., dan B. Dillman. Introduction to International Political Economy 6th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson, 2014.

Baldwin, R., dan B. W. Mauro. “Introduction.†Dalam Economics in the Time of COVID-19, diedit oleh R. Baldwin, dan B. W. Mauro London: CEPR Press, 2020.

BBC News. “Coronavirus: Whole world 'must take action', Warns WHO.†29 January 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-Tiongkok-51299195, diakses pada 25 Mei 2020.

Chan, W. “The WHO Ignores Taiwan, The World Pays the Price.†3 April 2020. https://www.thenation.com/article/world/taiwan-who-coronavirus-Tiongkok/, diakses pada 6 Juni 2020.

CNN. “Resep Vietnam Berhasil Buka Lockdown Tanpa Kasus Meninggal.†25 April 2020. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20200425084602-106-497169/resep-vietnam-berhasil-buka-lockdown-tanpa-kasus-meninggal, diakses pada 30 Mei 2020.

Dent, C. M. “Taiwan's Foreign Economic Policy: The 'Liberalisation Plus' Approach of an Evolving Developmental State.†Modern Asia Studies 37, 2 (2003): 461–483.

Duc, N. M., H. D. Ha, T. A. Tuan, M. T. Bang, P. H. Duc, & P. M. Thong. “From First COVID-19 Case to Current Outbreak: A Vietnamese Report.†Electronic Journal of General Medicine 17, no. 4 (2020): 1–2.

Falak, A. “Vietnam Issues Incentives to Counter COVID-19 Impact.†15 April 2020. https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/vietnam-issues-incentives-counter-covid-19-impact.html/, diakses pada 30 Mei 2020.

Fforde, A. “From ‘Constructing Socialism’ to a ‘Socialistoriented Market Economy’ in Contemporary Vietnam: A Critique of Ideologies.†Europe-Asia Studies 71, no 4 (2019): 671–697.

Gilpin, R. The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.

Gilpin, R. Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.

Givari, Hilwan. “Adaptasi Sirkulasi Patron dalam Implementasi Sentralisme Demokratik Partai Komunis Vietnam dalam Kongres Pada Era Doi Moi.†Jurnal Politik UI 4, no. 1 (2018): 115–151.

Ha, D. T. “Vietnam’s Economy to Grow Fastest in Southeast Asia Despite COVID-19: ADB.†23 April 2020. https://www.vietnambriefing.com/news/vietnams-economy-grow-fastest-southeastasia-despite-covid-19.html/, diakses pada 30 Mei 2020.

Helleiner, E. “Economic Nationalism as a Challenge to Economic Liberalism? Lessons from the 19th Century.†International Studies Quarterly 46, (2002): 307–329.

Hernandez, J. C., & C. Horton. “Coronavirus Crisis Offers Taiwan a Chance to Push Back Against Tiongkok.†22 April 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/world/asia/coronavirus-Tiongkok-taiwan.html, diakses pada 9 Juni 2020.

Huynh, T. L. “The COVID-19 Containment in Vietnam: What Are We Doing?â€. Journal of Global Health 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–3.

Ihara, Kensaku. “’WHO is Excluding Us Under China Pressure’, Taiwan Minister Says.†7 Mei 2020. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/WHO-is-excluding-us-under-China-pressure-Taiwan-minister-says, diakses pada 20 September 2020.

IMF. “Policy Responses to COVID-19.†25 Mei 2020. https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19#J, diakses pada 30 Mei 2020.

Jennings, R. “Faces Outsized Risk To Economy From The Coronavirus Outbreak.†10 Maret 2020.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2020/03/10/taiwan-faces-outsized-risk-to-economy-from-the-coronavirus-outbreak/#66b9accf49cb, diakses pada 25 Mei 2020.

Khuong, V. M. “Can Vietnam Achieve More Robust Economic Growth? Insights from a Comparative Analysis of Economic Reforms in Vietnam and Tiongkok.†Journal of Southeast Asian Economies 32, no. 1 (2015): 52–83.

Liou, K. T. “Privatization Development in Taiwan: Background and Issues.†Public Administration Quarterly 34, no. 1 (2010): 3–21.

Loayza, N., & Pennings, S. “Macroeconomic Policy in the Time of COVID-19: A Primer for Developing Countries.†26 Maret 2020. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/951811585836124198/pdf/Macroeconomic-Policy-in-the-Time-of-COVID-19-A-Primer-for-Developing-Countries.pdf, diakses pada 27 Mei 2020.

Marsudi, Retno L. P. “International Cooperation to Mitigate COVID-19 with H.E Retno L.P Marsudi.†CSIS Interviewer, (17 April 2020).

Panda, A. “A Diamond in the COVID–19 Rough? Taiwan Export Orders Surge in March.†21 April 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/a-diamond-in-the-covid-19-rough-taiwan-export-orders-surge-in-march/, diakses pada 6 Juni 2020.

Pryke, S. “Economic Nationalism: Theory, History, and Prospects.†Global Policy 3, no 3 (2012): 281–291.

Rasmussen, A. F. “Taiwan Has Been Shut Out of Global Health Discussions. Its Participation Could Have Saved Lives.†18 Maret 2020. https://time.com/5805629/coronavirus-taiwan/, diakses pada 25 Mei 2020.

Rezkisari, I. “Cara Korea Selatan dan Vietnam Keluar dari Jeratan Covid-19.†5 Mei 2020. https://republika.co.id/berita/q9urip328/cara-korea-selatan-dan-vietnam-keluar-dari-jeratan-covid19, diakses pada 28 Mei 2020.

Riedel, J. “Lessons for Last Comers from Vietnam's Transition.†Journal of Southeast Asian Economies 32, no. 1 (2015): 125–139.

Samuel, P. “How Vietnam Contained COVID-19 and Why its Economy Will Rebound.†5 Mei 2020. https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/how-vietnam-sucessfully-contained-covid-19.html/, diakses pada 25 Mei 2020.

Shulman, S. “Nationalist Sources of International Economic Integration.†International Studies Quarterly 44, no. 3 (2000): 365-390.

Sung, Wen-Ti. “Taiwan’s COVID-19 Diplomacy and WHO Participation: Losing the Battle but Winning the War.†2 Juni 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/taiwans-covid-19-diplomacy-and-who-participation-losing-the-battle-but-winning-the-war/, diakses pada 20 September 2020.

Truong, M. “Vietnam’s Communist Party Finds a Silver Lining in COVID-19.†28 Maret 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/vietnams-communist-party-finds-a-silver-lining-in-covid-19/, diakses pada 8 Juni 2020.

Vu, L. “Vietnam Donated Masks and Equipment to Many Countries in Coronavirus Fight.†12 April 2020. https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnam-donated-masks-and-equipment-to-many-countries-in-coronavirus-fight-19374.html, diakses pada 7 Juni 2020.

Wang, C., dan S. Ellis. "Taiwan Dodges the Worst Economic Impacts of Coronavirus.†30 April 2020. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-30/taiwan-dodges-worst-economic-impacts-of-virus-and-keeps-growing, diakses pada 25 Mei 2020.

Wang, J., C. Y. Ng, dan R. H. Brook. “Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics, New Technology, and Proactive Testing.†3 Maret 2020. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762689, diakses pada 2 Juni 2020.

Worldometer. “COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic.†25 May 2020. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?%20, diakses pada 25 Mei 2020.

Yang, W. “How has Taiwan Kept Its Coronavirus Infection Rate So Low?†9 April 2020. https://www.dw.com/en/taiwan-coronavirus/a-52724523, diakses pada 25 Mei 2020.

Published

2025-05-05

How to Cite

Akhli, R. A., & Samhudi, G. R. (2025). KEPENTINGAN POLITIK DONALD TRUMP DAN XI JINPING DALAM MENINGKATKAN RELASI KONFLIKTUAL ANTARA AS-TIONGKOK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 17(2), 235–254 PERSPEKTIF NASIONALISME EKONOMI DALAM KEBIJAKAN MITIGASI COVID. https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v17i2.887