The Child-Friendly Cities Initiative Program: Indonesia-Unicef Cooperation in Promoting the Fulfillment of Children’s Participation Rights in the Development Process in Surabaya

Authors

  • Muhammad Fajhriyadi Hastira International Relations Master Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
  • Ali Maksum International Relations Master Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v21i1.1686

Keywords:

CFCI, Child Participation Rights, CFC, Surabaya, UNICEF

Abstract

The Child-Friendly City Initiative program has contributed to encouraging the fulfillment of children's participation rights in the development process in Surabaya City. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study of journal articles, reports, news, and official documents from the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Children Protection of Indonesia, P3APPKB Office of Surabaya City, Surabaya City Children's Forum, Surabaya City Child-Friendly City Task Force Team, UNICEF Indonesia and interviews with the Surabaya City Children's Forum Management via zoom. This research found that the fulfillment of children's participation rights in Surabaya has met the standards of Robert Hart's Child Participation Ladder and Lundy's Child Participation Model after the World Child-Friendly City predicate in Surabaya. Secondly, Surabaya has also obtained the Main Level Child-Friendly City (CFC) title through children's involvement in the Development Planning Conference and support for the Children's Forum. Finally, through the CFCI program, the Surabaya Government significantly ensures that children's right to participation in local development is realized through various initiatives, although there are negative contributions that the Surabaya Children's Forum also experiences. This research uses thematic analysis to fill in the gaps in the contribution of the Child-Friendly City Initiative program, especially in fulfilling children's participation rights in development in Indonesia.

References

Adams, W. C. (2015). Conducting Semi-Structured Interviews. Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation: Fourth Edition, 492–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171386.CH19

Ajeng, C., Ria, K., & Roisul Basyar, M. (2024). Analisis Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak Dalam Perspektif Hak Sipil Dan Kebebasan Anak Di Kota Surabaya. Concept: Journal of Social Humanities and Education, 3(3), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.55606/concept.v3i2.1360

Alias, A., Mohamad Nasri, N., & Awang, M. M. (2023). A Tracer Study on Child Participation in Child Councillor Programmes Aimed towards Development of the Child Friendly Cities Initiative. Children, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040732

Alviana, I., Rosyadi, S., Simin, S., & Idanati, R. (2021). Partisipasi Forum Anak Banyumas dalam Mewujudkan Kabupaten Layak Anak di Kabupaten Banyumas Ditinjau dari Perspektif Multi Stakeholder Partnerships. JDKP Jurnal Desentralisasi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 2(2), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.30656/jdkp.v2i2.3738

Arindi, A. P., & Hidayat, E. (2024). Implementasi Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak (KLA) Melalui Pengoptimalan Program PUSPAGA Kota Surabaya. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(3), 10267–10278. https://doi.org/10.31004/INNOVATIVE.V4I3.8134

Cochran, M. (2007). Ecology of Human Development. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Early Childhood Education: An International Encyclopedia (1st ed., pp. 333–337). Harvard University Press.

Cordero Vinueza, V. A., Niekerk, F. (Femke), & van Dijk, T. (Terry). (2023). Making child-friendly cities: A socio-spatial literature review. Cities, 137, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104248

Dai, X., Snidal, D., & Sampson, M. (2010). International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.93

DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2), 57. https://doi.org/10.1136/FMCH-2018-000057

Dinas Kominfo Provinsi Jawa Timur. (2023, December 15). Pemkot Surabaya, Bappenas dan Unicef Tanda Tangani Rencana Kerja Tahunan Program CFCI. kominfo.jatimprov.go.id. https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/berita/pemkot-surabaya-bappenas-dan-unicef-tanda-tangani-rencana-kerja-tahunan-program-cfci

Dinas Kominfo Provinsi Jawa Timur. (2024, July 9). Tuntaskan Penyusunan Dua Perwali Perlindungan Anak, Surabaya Siap Jadi KLA Paripurna- Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Provinsi Jawa Timur. Komifo.jatimprov.go.id. https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/berita/tuntaskan-penyusunan-dua-perwali-perlindungan-anak-surabaya-siap-jadi-kla-paripurna

DPR. (1985). Keputusan Presiden RI No. 36 Tahun 1990 Tentang Pengesahan Convention On The Rights of The Child ( Konversi Tentang Hak Asasi Anak). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 1999, 4(1), 1–5. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/63923/keppres-no-36-tahun-1990

Elaine, M. (2023, November 14). Unicef Beri PR Surabaya Tangani Kekerasan Dunia Maya Hingga Kesenjangan Ekonomi Usai Masuk Program CFCI. suarasurabaya. https://www.suarasurabaya.net/kelanakota/2023/unicef-beri-pr-surabaya-tangani-kekerasan-dunia-maya-hingga-kesenjangan-ekonomi-usai-masuk-program-cfci/

Elaine, M. (2024a, August 15). Surabaya Jadi Anggota CFCI Usai Dapat Sertifikat Kota Layak Anak Internasional. suarasurabaya.net. https://www.suarasurabaya.net/kelanakota/2024/surabaya-jadi-anggota-cfci-usai-dapat-sertifikat-kota-layak-anak-internasional/

Elaine, M. (2024b, September 26). UNICEF Resmi Akui Surabaya Sebagai Kota Layak Anak Dunia. suarasurabaya.net. https://www.suarasurabaya.net/kelanakota/2024/unicef-resmi-akui-surabaya-sebagai-kota-layak-anak-dunia/

Faiq, N. (2015, April 2). Surabaya Menuju Kota Layak Anak. SuryaOnline. https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2024/04/02/surabaya-menuju-kota-layak-anak-dunia

Hart, R. A. (2008). Children ’ s Participation. In M. F. Espinosa, S. Iltus, & R. Lorenzo (Eds.), Unicef (4th ed.). UNICEF.

Holsti;, K. J. (1995). International politics: A framework for analysis. Prentice Hall.

Jannah, M., Amaliatulwalidain, A., & Kariem, M. Q. (2022). Optimalisasi Peran Forum Anak Dalam Mensosialisasikan Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak Di Kota Palembang. Governance, 10(2), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.33558/governance.v10i2.5640

Kallio, H., Pietilä, A. M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954–2965. https://doi.org/10.1111/JAN.13031

Little, R., & Smith, M. (2005). PERSPECTIVES ON WORLD POLITICS; ED. BY RICHARD LITTLE. London : Routledge, 2005. https://www.routledge.com/Perspectives-on-World-Politics/Little-Smith/p/book/9780415322768

Lustitiani, N. S. D., & Ajisuksmo, C. R. P. (2022). Analisis Situasi Partisipasi Anak dan Remaja serta Keterlibatan di Masyarakat Indonesia. Unicef Indonesia. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/laporan/analisis-situasi-partisipasi-anak-dan-remaja-serta-keterlibatan-di-masyarakat-indonesia

Mahendra, G. K. (2019). Evaluasi Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak (KLA) Kota Yogyakarta 2016-2018. JOURNAL OF GOVERNMENT (Kajian Manajemen Pemerintahan Dan Otonomi Daerah), 5(1), 01–19. https://doi.org/10.52447/GOV.V5I1.2183

Nallari, A. (2011). Louise Chawla (2002), Growing up in an Urbanizing World. Carnets de Géographes, 3. https://doi.org/10.4000/cdg.2389

Nurhayati, Aslinda, A., & Akib, H. (2018). Implementasi Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak Di Kota Makassar Pada Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak Kota Makassar. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952., 10–27.

Nurusshobah, S. F. (2019). Konvensi Hak Anak dan Implementasinya di Indonesia. BIYAN: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Dan Pelayanan Pekerjaan Sosial, 1(2), 123. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/73476/1/FAUZIAH AYUMI - FSH.pdf

Öztürk, Z. A. (2024). Inquiring Children’s Security within the Framework of Human Security: A Theoretical Assessment. Ege Academic Review, 24(4), 651–660. https://doi.org/10.21121/EAB.20240411

Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. (2023, November 14). Surabaya Jadi Kota Percontohan Pemenuhan Hak Anak. Dinas Kominfo Provinsi Jawatimur. https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/berita/surabaya-jadi-kota-percontohan-pemenuhan-hak-anak

Peraturan Walikota (Perwali) Kota Surabaya Nomor 5 Tahun 2023 Tentang Pusat Informasi Sahabat Anak, 1 (2023). https://jdih.surabaya.go.id/uploads/peraturan/2023perwali3578059.pdf

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. (1989). Konvensi Hak Anak: Versi anak anak. Unicef Indonesia. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/konvensi-hak-anak-versi-anak-anak

Redaksi Surabaya Today. (2024, September 24). Wujudkan Kota Layak Anak Dunia, Pemkot Surabaya Berpartisipasi Dalam Forum CFCI di China. Surabayatoday.id. https://www.surabayatoday.id/2024/09/24/wujudkan-kota-layak-anak-dunia-pemkot-surabaya-berpartisipasi-dalam-forum-cfci-di-china-2/

RI, K. P. (2019). Indeks Komposit Kesejahteraan Anak Kabupaten/Kota 2018. Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak.

Rizki, D. A., Sulastri, S., & Irfan, M. (2015). Pemenuhan Hak Partisipasi Anak Melalui Forum Anak Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak Di Kota Bandung. Share : Social Work Journal, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v5i1.13085

Roche, J. (1999). Children: Rights, participation and citizenship. Childhood, 6(4), 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568299006004006

Sari, R. A., Siregar, M. F. Z., & Nurhamidah, N. (2024). Partisipasi Orang Tua Dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Cybernetics: Journal Educational Research and Social Studies, 1(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.51178/cjerss.v5i3.2019

Silverio, R. V. (2016). Beyond the ASEAN Children’s Forum: Exploring and Imagining Spaces forChildren’s Participation in ASEAN. Human Rights and Peace in Southeast Asia : PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES, 5(1), 35–60.

Sitepu, M. H. (2023). PERAN UNICEF MELALUI CHILD FRIENDLY CITIES INITIATIVE (CFCI) DALAM MENANGANI PERNIKAHAN ANAK DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2021 [Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta]. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/75402

Solin, R. S. U., & Ruwaida, I. (2022). Reflection on the Implementation of Children’s Participation Rights (Based on Lundy’s Participation Model). Journal of Strategic and Global Studies, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jsgs.v5i1.1088

Thoomaszen, F. W. (2017). Peran keluarga dalam pemenuhan hak partisipasi anak pada Forum Anak Kota Kupang (FAKK). Persona:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 6(2), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v6i1.1298

Tunas Hijau. (2024, March 25). Kunjungi Surabaya, Tim CFCI UNICEF Global Perkuat Sistem Perlindungan Anak. Tunashijau.id. https://tunashijau.id/2024/03/kunjungi-surabaya-tim-cfci-unicef-global-perkuat-sistem-perlindungan-anak/

UNICEF. (2018). Child Friendly Cities and Communities Handbook (T. Msonda, M. A. de W. Wijn, & C. S. Venturini (eds.); 1st ed.). UNICEF. https://www.childfriendlycities.org/reports/child-friendly-cities-and-communities-handbookhttps://www.childfriendlycities.org/reports/child-friendly-cities-and-communities-handbook

UNICEF. (2020). UNICEF Child Protection Strategy. Unicef, 1–58. www.unicef.org/protection

UNICEF. (2021). Luncurkan program kerja sama 2021-2025, RI-UNICEF bersinergi untuk percepatan pemenuhan hak anak di Indonesia. In Unicef. https://www.bappenas.go.id/id/berita/luncurkan-program-kerja-sama-2021-2025-ri-unicef-bersinergi-untuk-percepatan-pemenuhan-hak-anak-di-indonesia

UNICEF. (2022). Guiding Principles | Child Friendly Cities Initiative. Childfriendlycities.Org. https://www.childfriendlycities.org/

United Nations Development Programme. (1994). Human Development Report: New Dimension Of Human Security (1994). In United Nations Development Programme 1994. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf

van der Haer, R., & Brown, K. J. (2024). The effect of war exposure on children; an exploration of conflict and post-conflict gendered experiences. International Journal of Human Rights. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2024.2377328

Wahana Visi Indonesia. (2024, July 9). Kota Surabaya Tuntaskan Penyusunan Dua Perwali Perlindungan Anak. wahanavisi.org. https://wahanavisi.org/id/media-materi/media/detail/kota-surabaya-tuntaskan-penyusunan-dua-perwali-perlindungan-anak

Yunani, H. P. (2023, November 20). RKT Program The Child Friendly Cities Initiative UNICEF Resmi Dicanangkan di Kota Surabaya. harian.disway,.id. https://harian.disway.id/read/744523/rkt-program-the-child-friendly-cities-initiative-unicef-resmi-dicanangkan-di-kota-surabaya

Downloads

Published

2025-07-18

How to Cite

Hastira, M. F., & Maksum, A. (2025). The Child-Friendly Cities Initiative Program: Indonesia-Unicef Cooperation in Promoting the Fulfillment of Children’s Participation Rights in the Development Process in Surabaya. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 21(1), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v21i1.1686