PERBANDINGAN (DE)KONSOLIDASI DEMOKRASI: STUDI PENURUNAN KUALITAS DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA DAN FILIPINA PADA PERIODE 2016-2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v18i2.1007Keywords:
democratic consolidation, democratic deconsolidation, Indonesia, Philippines, populismAbstract
In the last five years, democracy index rating institutes such as Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence
Unit, and Varieties of Democracy have provided data on the decline in the quality of democracy around the world.
An established democracy like America is not immune from democratic regression. The Philippines and Indonesia
are two countries in Southeast Asia that experienced a significant decline in the quality of democracy from 2016
to 2020. This study uses the theory of democratic consolidation and populism. This article analyzes the role of
four elements in democratic consolidation (society, elite, organization, and the rule of law) and the influence of
populism in the phenomenon of the declining quality of democracy in the two countries. There is a decline in the
quality of democracy in both countries during the 2016-2020 period. The process of democratic consolidation has
been turning into a cycle of democratic deconsolidation. Four key elements in the consolidation of democratic
have a big role in declining in the quality of democracy in Indonesia and the Philippines. Although there are
differences in the classification of populism, the figures of populist leaders in the Philippines and Indonesia have
exacerbated the declining quality of democracy.
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