Study on the Effect of Composition and Variation of Sn/Zn Cooling Media on Nickel Alloy Steel through Hot Forging and Austempering
Keywords:
alloy steel, grinding ball, austempering, hot forgingAbstract
Laterite steel with nickel content is expected to be a solution to overcome the lack
of domestic steel availability and dependence on imports. This research was conducted to develop
Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy steel used Grinding ball for cement industrial applications.
Grinding ball is the one of imported steel products needed to be crushing and size reduction the ores
or cement. In addition to import issues, grinding balls have a significant problem: their mechanical
properties that do not meet SNI 1049 require the material to have a minimum hardness value of 45
HRC. In this study, the characteristics of Nickel alloy steel were investigated further through heat
treatment of forgings heated at the austenitizing temperature of 950 °C and austempering with
variations in the cooling medium of Sn/Zn solution. The cooling medium was chosen because it has
a melting temperature in the phase diagram area to form the bainite microstructure with complex and
challenging characteristics, both of which are required in material for grinding ball applications. In
particular, the hardness value that passed the SNI 1069 standard was the use of samples with a CrMo alloy of 1%-wt with a hardness value of 45.92 HRC for Sn Austemper and 48.07 HRC for Zn
austemper.
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References
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Properties for Steel Laterite Through Hot Working and Heat Treatment Process.” Jurnal Teknologi Bahan dan Barang Teknik,
vol. 6(2), pp. 75–80, 2016.
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Semin. Nas. Sains dan Teknologi, 2017, pp. 1–2.
S. Herbirowo and B. Adjiantoro. “Characteristic of Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Heat Rolled Laterite Steel with
Variety of Size Reduction.” Solid State Phenomena, vol. 266, 2017.
S. Herbirowo, B. Adjiantoro, F. Citrawati, and Jajang. “Karakteristik Sifat Mekanik Dan Struktur Mikro Baja Laterit Paduan NiCr-Mn Hasil Tempa Panas Dengan Variasi Beban Tempa.” Metalurgi, vol. 33, pp. 1–8, 2018.
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Mechanical Properties in NbV-Microalloyed Bainitic Steels.” Metals (Basel)., vol. 8, no. 2, 2018.
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A. Morri, L. Ceschini, M. Pellizzari, C. Menapace, F. Vettore, and E. Veneri. “Effect of the Austempering Process on the
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 27MnCrB5-2 Steel.” Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 643–[1] Nurhakim, M. U. Dwiatmoko, N.H. Romla, and M. Adip. “Identifikasi Potensi Endapan Bijih Besi Laterit Di Bagian Tengah
Pulau Sebuku, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.” Info-Teknik, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–6, 2016.
Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara Kementerian Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral (2020). Laporan Kinerja Tahun 2020.
[On-line] 53(9). Available: https://www.esdm.go.id/assets/media/content/content-lapoan-kinerja-kesdm-2020.pdf.
M.Y. Hasbi, D.P. Malau, B. Adjiantoro, and Jajang. “Pengaruh Variasi Reduksi Terhadap Kekerasan Dan Struktur Mikro Baja
Laterit Melalui Pengerolan Panas.” in Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi, 2016, pp. 1–8.
G.E. Totten. Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, 2nd ed. Taylor and Francis, 2006.
A. Shofi, W. Astuti, and F. Nurjaman. “Besi Tuang Putih Paduan Krom Tinggi Hasil Thermal Hardening Untuk Aplikasi
Grinding Ball.” Jurnal Metalurgi, vol. 28, pp. 177–184, Des. 2013.
B. Adjiantoro, A. Jamali, R. Binudi, and M. Y. Hasbi. “Proses Pengerjaan Dan Perlakuan Panas Characteristics of Mechanical
Properties for Steel Laterite Through Hot Working and Heat Treatment Process.” Jurnal Teknologi Bahan dan Barang Teknik,
vol. 6(2), pp. 75–80, 2016.
S. Herbirowo and T. B. Romijarso. “Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Austenisasi Pada Pembuatan Material Fasa Ganda Baja Laterit.” in
Semin. Nas. Sains dan Teknologi, 2017, pp. 1–2.
S. Herbirowo and B. Adjiantoro. “Characteristic of Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Heat Rolled Laterite Steel with
Variety of Size Reduction.” Solid State Phenomena, vol. 266, 2017.
S. Herbirowo, B. Adjiantoro, F. Citrawati, and Jajang. “Karakteristik Sifat Mekanik Dan Struktur Mikro Baja Laterit Paduan NiCr-Mn Hasil Tempa Panas Dengan Variasi Beban Tempa.” Metalurgi, vol. 33, pp. 1–8, 2018.
A. Kostryzhev, N. Singh, L. Chen, C. Killmore, and E. Pereloma. “Comparative Effect of Mo and Cr on Microstructure and
Mechanical Properties in NbV-Microalloyed Bainitic Steels.” Metals (Basel)., vol. 8, no. 2, 2018.
H. Mohrbacher. “Molybdenum Alloying – More than Hardenability.” Advances in Manufacturing, vol. 8, pp. 15–34, 2020.
A. Morri, L. Ceschini, M. Pellizzari, C. Menapace, F. Vettore, and E. Veneri. “Effect of the Austempering Process on the
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Pulau Sebuku, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.” Info-Teknik, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–6, 2016.
Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara Kementerian Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral (2020). Laporan Kinerja Tahun 2020.
[On-line] 53(9). Available: https://www.esdm.go.id/assets/media/content/content-lapoan-kinerja-kesdm-2020.pdf.
M.Y. Hasbi, D.P. Malau, B. Adjiantoro, and Jajang. “Pengaruh Variasi Reduksi Terhadap Kekerasan Dan Struktur Mikro Baja
Laterit Melalui Pengerolan Panas.” in Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi, 2016, pp. 1–8.
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Grinding Ball.” Jurnal Metalurgi, vol. 28, pp. 177–184, Des. 2013.
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Properties for Steel Laterite Through Hot Working and Heat Treatment Process.” Jurnal Teknologi Bahan dan Barang Teknik,
vol. 6(2), pp. 75–80, 2016.
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Semin. Nas. Sains dan Teknologi, 2017, pp. 1–2.
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