PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN ASBES PADA MATERIAL GASKET MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK PETROGRAFI SAYATAN TIPIS DAN DIFRAKSI SINAR-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2017.19.1.4126Keywords:
Asbes, Asbestos-containing material, Gasket, Petrografi Sayatan Tipis, Difraksi Sinar-XAbstract
Gasket digunakan sebagai penyumbat statis antara dua komponen stasioner, dalam hal ini flens, dari asembli mekanik yang di dalamnya berisi fluida tertentu. Sebelum regulasi tentang pemakaian asbes diperketat, material gasket umumnya mengandung asbes karena keunikan sifatnya, yaitu tahan panas atau api, insulasi listrik, dan relatif terjangkau biayanya. Regulasi dari Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910.1001 menjelaskan bahwa Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) ialah material apapun yang mengandung asbes lebih dari satu persen. Penentuan kandungan asbes pada material penyusun gasket perlu dilakukan mengingat produk-produk tersebut diperiode lampau diduga mengandung asbes lebih dari ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan. Teknik karakterisasi untuk mendeteksi keberadaan asbes tidak banyak dan relatif rumit begitu juga dengan aspek praktisnya. Teknik Petrografi Sayatan Tipis (PST) dan Difraksi Sinar-X (XRD) dipilih karena relatif mudah dan praktis meskipun masih terdapat kekurangan di dalamnya. Sebanyak tiga sampel gasket dan satu sampel sebagai pembanding telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik karakterisasi PST dan XRD. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa satu dari tiga sampel positif mengandung asbes lebih dari 1% berat bertipe mineral serpentin, yaitu ortokrisotil, berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi hasil pengamatan PST dan pola puncak XRD. Hasil karakteristik dari analisis tersebut mirip dengan sampel pembanding yang mengandung asbes dengan tipe mineral serpentin, yaitu klinokrisotil.
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