FORMATION OF SPINEL STRUCTURE IN SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF Li1.37Mn2O4 USING HYDROTHERMAL METHOD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2018.20.1.5405Keywords:
Li1.37Mn2O4, Spinel, Crystal structure, HydrothermalAbstract
FORMATION OF SPINEL STRUCTURE IN SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF Li1.37Mn2O4 USING HYDROTHERMAL METHOD. Li1.37Mn2O4 is one form of Li1+xMn2O4 which is engineered from LiMn2O4 phase which is commonly used as a lithium cathode active ingredient. The crucial thing from Li1.37Mn2O4 synthesis is the spinel structure that is formed. This study aims to observe when the spinel structure of Li1.37Mn2O4 starts and when the transformation from a tetragonal structure into spinel occurs. The raw materials used are tetragonal LiOH and tetragonal MnO2. The synthesis was carried out using a hydrothermal method with a temperature of 200 oC with a variation of holding times of 50, 70, 90 and 110 hours. Observation of spinel structure was carried out using XRD and TEM. The results obtained were at the holding times of 50 and 70 hours, the spinel structure had not been formed. The spinel structure begins to form at 90 hours holding time which also indicates that the transformation from the tetragonal structure to spinel occurs at such holding time. The result of a 90-hour holding time is a regular spinel structure but there are still many Mn and Mn-O –based impurities. While the results of the 110-hour holding time produce a perfect yet irregular transformation of the spinel structure.
Downloads
References
R. A. Rodriguez, E. L. Perez-Cappe, Y. M. Laffita, A. C. Ardanza, J. S. Salazar, M. A. Santos, M. A. A. Frutis, N. D. S. Mohalem, O. L. Alves. “Structural Defects in LiMn2O4 Induced by Gamma Radiation and its Influence on the Jahn-Teller Effect”, Solid State Ionics, Vol. 324, pp. 77-86, Jun. 2018.
H. Ren, Y. Q. Guo, Z. L. Chen, X. H. Zhang, Z. F. Zhang, Y. T. Li, Q. G. Zhang, Q. G. Wu, J. Li. “Synergetic Effects of Blended Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries”, Science China Technological Sciences, Vol. 59 (9), pp. 1370-1376, Sep. 2016.
E. Y. Zhao, X. Q. Yu, F. W. Wang, H. Li. “Highcapacity Lithium-rich Cathode Oxides with Multivalent Cationic and Anionic Redox Reactions for Lithium-ion Batteries”, Science China Chemistry, Vol. 60 (12), pp. 1483-1493, Dec. 2017.
F. Marchini, E. J. Calvo, F. J. Williams. “Effect of the Electrode Potential on the Surface Composition and Crystal Structure of LiMn2O4 in Aqueous Solutions”, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 269, pp. 706- 713, Feb. 2018.
J. Y. Zhang, J. X. Shen, T. L. Wang, C. B. Wei, Y. Ma, C. F. Zhu, Y. Z. Yue. “Improvement of Capacity and Cycling Performance of Spinel LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials with TiO2 -B Nanobelts”, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 111, pp. 691-697, Aug. 2013.
L. X. Zhang, Y. Z. Wang, H. F. Jiu, Y. L. Wang, Y. X. Sun, Z. Z. Li. “Controllable Synthesis of Co-doped Spinel LiMn2O4 Nanotubes as Cathodes for Li-ion Batteries”, Electron. Matter. Lett., Vol. 10 (2), pp. 439-444, Mar. 2014.
M. Wang, M. Yang, X. Y. Zhao, L. Q. Ma, X. D. Shen, G. Z. Chao. “Spinel LiMn2-xSi xO4 (x <1) Through Si4+ Substitution as a Potential Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries”, Science China Materials, Vol. 59 (7), pp. 558-566, Jul. 2016.
J. H. Yao, L. T. Lv, C. Q. Shen, P. J. Zhang, K. F. Aguey-Zinsou, L. B. Wang. “Nano-sized Spinel LiMn2O4 Powder Fabricated via Modified Dynamic Hydrothermal Synthesis”, Ceramics International, Vol. 39 (3), pp. 3359-3364, Apr. 2013.
C. G. Han, C. Y. Zhu, G. Saito, T. Akiyama, “Clycine/ Sucrose Based Solution Combustion Synthesis of High-Purity LiMn2O4 with Improved Yield as Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries”, Advanced Powder Technology, Vol. 26 (2), pp. 665- 671, Mar. 2015
H. W. Zhou, X. N. Ding, Z. Yin, G. F. Xu, Q. R. Xue, J. L. Li, S. Q. Jiao, X. D. Wang. “Fabrication and Electrochemical Characteristics of Electrospun LiMn2O4 Nanofiber Cathode for Li-ion Batteries”, Materials Letters, Vol. 117, pp. 175-178, Nov. 2013.
G. M. Song, Y. J. Wang, Y. Zhou. “Synthesis of Aldoped LiMn2O4 Spinels by Mechanical Alloying and Rotary Heating”, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 39, pp. 357-360, Jul. 2003.
J. W. Zhang, X. Guo, S. M. Yao, X. P. Qiu. “High Capacity Lithium-Manganese-Nickel-Oxide Composite Cathodes with Low Irreversible Capacity Loss and Good Cycle Life for Lithium Ion Batteries”, Science China Chemistry, Vol. 59 (11), pp. 1479-1485, Nov. 2016.
S. Douafer, H. Lahmar, M. Benamira, G. Rekhila, M. Trari. “Physical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of the Spinel LiMn2O4 and its Application in Photocatalysis”, Journal of Physics and Electrochemistry of Solids, Vol. 118, pp. 62-67, Jul. 2018.
C. Suryanarayana and M. Grant Norton. X-ray Diffraction: a Practical Approach. Plenum Press, New York, 1998.
E. Talik, A. Zalog, D. Skrzypek, A. Guzik, P. Zajdel, M. Michalska, L. Lipinska. “LiMn2O4 Nanocrystalline Electrode Materials”, Crystal Research and Technology, Vol. 47 (3), pp.351-362, Feb. 2012.
. J. B. Nelson and D. P. Riley. “An Experimental Investigation of Extrapolation Methods in the Derivation of Accurate Unit-cell Dimensions of Crystals”, Proc. Phys. Soc., Vol. 57 (160), pp. 160- 177, Dec. 1944.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
