Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Hidrolisis Asam Sulfat Terhadap Sifat Me-kanik Plastik Selulosa Teregenerasi dari Kapas Limbah Tekstil dengan Pelarut NaOH/Urea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2018.19.3.4264Keywords:
berat molekul, hidrolisis, kapas, selulosa teregenerasi, sifat mekanikAbstract
Selulosa merupakan polimer alami dengan ketersediaan yang paling melimpah yang berpotensi untuk direkayasa menjadi suatu plastik biodegradable. Selulosa teregenerasi merupakan suatu material yang dibentuk dengan cara melarutkan selulosa dalam suatu palarut tertentu dan dicetak. Dalam penelitian ini, kapas limbah dari industri tekstil digunakan sebagai sumber selulosa. Kapas pada dasarnya memiliki kandungan selulosa yang sangat tinggi, yakni sekitar 86-98%. Selulosa diekstrak dari kapas limbah dengan hidrolisis asam sulfat dengan konsentrasi divariasikan pada 0,5; 1; 1,5; dan 0,5 M dengan temperatur 100°C selama 2 jam. Selulosa teregenerasi dibuat dengan melarutkan selulosa pada larutan NaOH 7%/Urea 12% dan dibentuk dengan metode solution casting. Berat molekul selulosa diukur dengan metode berat molekul rerata viskositas dengan viskometer Ubbelohde. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi asam sulfat yang digunakan menyebabkan penurunan berat molekul selulosa yang terekstraksi. Berat molekul selulosa yang digunakan akan turut berpengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik dari plastik yang dihasilkan. Sifat optimum selulosa teregenerasi yang dihasilkan diperoleh dari selulosa dengan berat molekul 2.73 x 104 g/mol dari hasil hidrolisis 0,5 M, yang dimana memiliki kekuatan tarik, persen elongasi dan modulus masing-masing sebesar 49,24 MPa; 0.92 %; dan 11.39 GPa dengan densitas sebesar 1.53 g/cm3.Downloads
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