EKSTRAKSI SELULOSA DARI SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU SENGON MELALUI PROSES DELIGNIFIKASI ALKALI ULTRASONIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2018.19.3.4496Keywords:
Kayu sengon, Delignifikasi, Alkali, Ultrasonik, SelulosaAbstract
Kayu sengon (Albizia chinensis) merupakan salah satu jenis kayu yangmelimpah di Indonesia. Kandungan selulosa pada kayu sengon cukup tinggi sebesar 41,17%. Proses ekstraksi selulosa dari kayu sengon dapat dilakukan melalui proses delignifikasi atau penghilangan kandungan lignin. Umumnya, proses delignifikasi dilakukan dengan larutan alkali pada konsentrasi tinggi, suhu tinggi dan waktu yang lama.Agar konsentrasi alkali yang digunakan rendah dan waktu lebih pendek, proses delignifikasi dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan ultrasonik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh kondisi operasi (suhu dan waktu) proses delignifikasi dengan ultrasonik terhadap kadar selulosa yang diperoleh. Proses delignifikasi dilakukan denganmencampur serbuk kayu sengon (40 mesh) dengan larutan NaOH (0,3M) dengan perbandingan 1:30 (w/v). Kondisi operasi yang digunakan adalah suhu 30 °C dan 40 °C pada berbagai waktu (10menit hingga 70menit). Setelah proses delignifikasi, produk di bleaching dengan NaOCl hingga warnanya menjadi putih. Analisis yang dilakukan antara lain adalah metode Chesson, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil dari analisa menunjukkan bahwa kristalinitas tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 77,05 % pada 40 °C selama 30 menit dan kadar lignin turun hingga mencapai 0,41%.
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