SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC COMPOSITE OF IRON COMPOUNDS/CARBON NANOTUBES IN CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2019.20.3.5409Keywords:
carbon nanotubes, chemical vapor deposition, catalyst, magnetic, iron oxideAbstract
The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of magnetic carbon nanotubes (mCNT) using carbon dioxide/carbon catalyst has been successfully carried out in various pressures. The temperatures were set at 800° C for 10 minutes reaction time. Nitrogen (N2) gas in 20 Torr was flown in followed by ethanol vapor until the final pressure reached 80 and 100 Torr without added air, and 180 Torr with added air. The formation of mCNT was confirmed by shifted X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak of graphite from 26.53° to 25.53° which were highly considered to the other carbon allotropes with sp2 hybridized carbon atom hybridization structures. The higher pressure with added atmospheric air led to the excessive oxidation which influenced the growth of mCNT. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis observed mCNT filled by catalyst particles which suggested as magnetic phase induced the magnetic property of mCNT. The best electrical conductivity performance (lower electrical resistance) was owned by mCNT produced in the lower pressure condition with no air added.
Downloads
References
. Iijima, S., Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon.
Nature, 354(6348), pp. 56-58, 1991.
. Dillon, F.C., Moghal, J., Koós, A., Lozano, J.G.,
Miranda, L., Porwal, H., Reece, M.J., & Grobert,
N., Ceramic composites from mesoporous
silica coated multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,
-166, 2015.
. Ma, Y., Sheng, L., Zhao, H., An, K., Yu, L., Xu, J., &
Zhao, X., Synthesis of NiO/carbon shell/singlewalled carbon nanotube composites as anode
materials for lithium ion batteries. Solid State
Sciences, 4649-55, 2015.
. Chang-Jian, S.-K., Ho, J.-R., & John Cheng, J.W.,
Fabrication of transparent double-walled carbon
nanotubes flexible matrix touch panel by laser
ablation technique. Optics & Laser Technology,
(8), pp. 1371-1376, 2011.
. Ando, Y., & Zhao, X., Synthesis of carbon
nanotubes by arc-discharge method. New
Diamond and Frontier Carbon Technology, 16(3),
pp. 123-138, 2006.
. ChandraKishore, S., & Pandurangan, A., Synthesis
and characterization of Y-shaped carbon
nanotubes using Fe/AlPO4 catalyst by CVD.
Chemical Engineering Journal, 222472-477, 2013.
. Hofmann, S., Kleinsorge, B., Ducati, C., Ferrari,
A.C., & Robertson, J., Low-temperature plasma
enhanced chemical vapour deposition of carbon
nanotubes. Diamond and Related Materials, 13(4),
pp. 1171-1176, 2004.
. Wilson, J.I.B., Scheerbaum, N., Karim, S., Polwart,
N., John, P., Fan, Y., & Fitzgerald, A.G., Low
temperature plasma chemical vapour deposition of
carbon nanotubes. Diamond and Related
Materials, 11(3), pp. 918-921, 2002.
. Choi, C.H., Lee, S.Y., Park, S.H., & Woo, S.I., Highly
active N-doped-CNTs grafted on Fe/C prepared
by pyrolysis of dicyandiamide on Fe2O3/C for
electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 103(3–4), pp.
-368, 2011.
. Koziol, K., Boskovic, B.O., & Yahya, N., Synthesis
of Carbon Nanostructures by CVD Method. in: N.
Yahya, ed., Carbon and Oxide Nanostructures:
Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications,
Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp.
-49. 2011.
. Kumar, M., & Ando, Y., Chemical Vapor Deposition
of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Growth
Mechanism and Mass Production. Journal of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 10(6), pp. 3739-
, 2010.
. Moshkalyov, S.A., Moreau, A.L.D., Guttiérrez, H.R.,
Cotta, M.A., & Swart, J.W., Carbon nanotubes
growth by chemical vapor deposition using thin
film nickel catalyst. Materials Science and
Engineering: B, 112(2–3), pp. 147-153, 2004.
. Du, C., & Pan, N., CVD growth of carbon
nanotubes directly on nickel substrate. Materials
Letters, 59(13), pp. 1678-1682, 2005.
. Lee, O., Jung, J., Doo, S., Kim, S.-S., Noh, T.-H.,
Kim, K.-I., & Lim, Y.-S., Effects of temperature
and catalysts on the synthesis of carbon
nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition.
Metals and Materials International, 16(4),
pp. 663-667, 2010.
. Bistamam, M.S.A., & Azam, M.A., Tip-growth of
aligned carbon nanotubes on cobalt catalyst
supported by alumina using alcohol catalytic
chemical vapor deposition. Results in Physics,
-106, 2014.
. Chiangga, S., Suttisiri, N., & Nilsaengrat, P., Effect
of temperature on carbon nanotubes growth on
thin Iron film by thermal chemical vapor deposition
method under the low pressure. Physics Procedia,
(1), pp. 107-111, 2009.
. Sun, L.F., Mao, J.M., Pan, Z.W., Chang, B.H., Zhou,
W.Y., Wang, G., Qian, L.X., & Xie, S.S., Growth of
straight nanotubes with a cobalt–nickel catalyst
by chemical vapor deposition. Applied Physics
Letters, 74(5), pp. 644-646, 1999.
. Lee, S.-F., Chang, Y.-P., & Lee, L.-Y., Synthesis of
carbon nanotubes on silicon nanowires by thermal
chemical vapor deposition. New Carbon
Materials, 26(6), pp. 401-407, 2011.
. Liu, W.-W., Aziz, A., Chai, S.-P., Mohamed, A.R., &
Hashim, U., Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes: Effects of Active Metals, Catalyst
Supports, and Metal Loading Percentage. Journal
of Nanomaterials, 20138, 2013.
. Osorio, A.G., Machado, G.B., Pereira, M.B.,
Benvenutti, E.V., Pereira, L.G., Bergmann, C.P.,
Oliveira, A.H.d., & Costa, T.M.H., Synthesis and
characterization of magnetic carbon nanotubes/
silsesquioxane nanocomposite thin films. Applied
Surface Science, 3719-15, 2016.
. Kuemmeth, F., Churchill, H.O.H., Herring, P.K., &
Marcus, C.M., Carbon nanotubes for coherent
spintronics. Materials Today, 13(3), pp. 18-26, 2010.
. Gao, C., Li, W., Morimoto, H., Nagaoka, Y., &
Maekawa, T., Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes:
Synthesis by Electrostatic Self-Assembly
Approach and Application in Biomanipulations.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110(14), pp.
-7220, 2006.
. Jia, B., Gao, L., & Sun, J., Self-assembly of
magnetite beads along multiwalled carbon
nanotubes via a simple hydrothermal process.
Carbon, 45(7), pp. 1476-1481, 2007.
. Sowichai, K., Supothina, S., Nimittrakoolchai, O.-
u., Seto, T., Otani, Y., & Charinpanitkul, T., Facile
method to prepare magnetic multi-walled carbon
nanotubes by in situ co-precipitation route.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,
(5), pp. 1568-1571, 2012.
. Mishra, A.K., & Ramaprabhu, S., Magnetite
Decorated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Based
Supercapacitor for Arsenic Removal and
Desalination of Seawater. The Journal of Physical
Chemistry C, 114(6), pp. 2583-2590, 2010.
. Yang, Z.-F., Li, L.-Y., Hsieh, C.-T., & Juang, R.-S.,
Co-precipitation of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles
onto carbon nanotubes for removal of copper ions
from aqueous solution. Journal of the Taiwan
Institute of Chemical Engineers, 8256-63, 2018.
. Xiao, D., Dramou, P., He, H., Pham-Huy, L.A., Li,
H., Yao, Y., & Pham-Huy, C., Magnetic carbon
nanotubes: synthesis by a simple solvothermal
process and application in magnetic targeted drug
delivery system. Journal of Nanoparticle
Research, 14(7), pp. 984, 2012.
. Wu, H., Liu, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Shi,
J., Yang, H., Hu, H., & Yang, S., Solvothermal
synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles loaded on
multiwalled carbon nanotubes for magnetic
resonance imaging and drug delivery. Acta
Biomaterialia, 7(9), pp. 3496-3504, 2011.
. Guan, Y., Jiang, C., Hu, C., & Jia, L., Preparation of
multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized
magnetic particles by sol–gel technology and its
application in extraction of estrogens. Talanta,
(2), pp. 337-343, 2010.
. Zhang, X.X., Wen, G.H., Huang, S., Dai, L., Gao, R.,
& Wang, Z.L., Magnetic properties of Fe
nanoparticles trapped at the tips of the aligned
carbon nanotubes. Journal of Magnetism and
Magnetic Materials, 231(1), pp. 9-12, 2001.
. Korneva, G., Ye, H., Gogotsi, Y., Halverson, D.,
Friedman, G., Bradley, J.-C., & Kornev, K.G., Carbon
Nanotubes Loaded with Magnetic Particles. Nano
Letters, 5(5), pp. 879-884, 2005.
. Sengupta, J., Jana, A., Pradeep Singh, N.D., Mitra,
C., & Jacob, C., Site-selective synthesis of in situ
Ni-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes using
Ni(salen) as a catalyst source. Nanotechnology,
(41), pp. 415605, 2010.
. Zeeshan, M.A., Shou, K., Pané, S., Pellicer, E., Sort,
J., Sivaraman, K.M., Baró, M.D., & Nelson, B.J.,
Structural and magnetic characterization of batchfabricated nickel encapsulated multi-walled carbon
nanotubes. Nanotechnology, 22(27), pp. 275713,
. Baro, M., & Pal, A.R., One-step grown multi-walled
carbon nanotubes with Ni filling and decoration.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 48(22), pp.
, 2015.
. Bekarevich, R.V., Miura, S., Ogino, A., Rahachou,
A.U., & Nagatsu, M., The Effect of Substrate on
the Low-Temperature Carbon Nanomaterials
Growth by Microwave Excited Surface-wave
Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition. Journal of
Physics: Conference Series, 417(1), pp. 012042,
. Saraswati, T.E., Prasiwi, O.D.I., Masykur, A.,
Handayani, N., & Anwar, M., The Modification of
Carbon with Iron Oxide Synthesized in Electrolysis
Using the Arc Discharge Method. IOP Conference
Series: Materials Science and Engineering,
(1), pp. 012046, 2017.
. Celzard, A., Marêché, J.F., Payot, F., & Furdin, G.,
Electrical conductivity of carbonaceous powders.
Carbon, 40(15), pp. 2801-2815, 2002.
. Saraswati, T.E., Retnosari, I., Hayati, I.N., Amalia,
A., & Hastuti, S., The Influence of Ammonia
Addition on the Surface Characteristics of Fe3O4/
Carbon Nanoparticles in Submerged Arc
Discharge. Recent Patents on Materials Science,
(2), pp. 71-82, 2018.
. Zhang, L., Ni, Q.-Q., Natsuki, T., & Fu, Y., Carbon
nanotubes/magnetite hybrids prepared by a facile
synthesis process and their magnetic properties.
Applied Surface Science, 255(20), pp. 8676-8681,
. Sun, Z., Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Han, B., Du, J., & Zhang,
J., Fabrication and characterization of magnetic
carbon nanotube composites. Journal of Materials
Chemistry, 15(42), pp. 4497-4501, 2005.
. Song, K., Lee, S., Suh, C.-Y., Kim, W., Ko, K.-S., &
Shin, D., Synthesis and Characterization of Iron
Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Electrical
Explosion of Fe Wire in Ar-O2
Gas Mixtures
Materials Transactions, 53(11), pp. 4, 2012.
. Patimah, P., & Saraswati, T.E., Pengaruh Suhu
Kalsinasi Pada Sifat Kemagnetan Material Besi
Oksida Hasil Elektrolisis. Jurnal Kimia dan
Pendidikan Kimia, 1(3), pp. 149-156, 2016.
. Georgakilas, V., Tzitzios, V., Gournis, D., & Petridis,
D., Attachment of Magnetic Nanoparticles on
Carbon Nanotubes and Their Soluble Derivatives.
Chemistry of Materials, 17(7), pp. 1613-1617, 2005.
. Qu, S., Huang, F., Yu, S., Chen, G., & Kong, J.,
Magnetic removal of dyes from aqueous solution
using multi-walled carbon nanotubes filled with
Fe2O3 particles. Journal of Hazardous materials,
(2), pp. 643-647, 2008.
. Meyyappan, M., Delzeit, L., Cassell, A., & Hash,
D., Carbon nanotube growth by PECVD: a review.
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 12(2),
pp. 205-216, 2003.
. Kazeminezhad, I., & Mosivand, S., Phase transition
of electrooxidized Fe3O4 to γ and α-Fe2O3
nanoparticles using sintering treatment. Acta
Physica Polonica A, 125(5), pp. 1210-1214, 2014.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
