MORPHOLOGICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ALKALI TREATED BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FROM COCONUT WATER

Authors

  • Lucia Indrarti Research Centre for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Komplek LIPI, Jalan Sangkuriang, Bandung, INDONESIA.
  • Rike Yudianti Research Centre for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Komplek LIPI, Jalan Sangkuriang, Bandung, INDONESIA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2012.13.3.4676

Keywords:

Bacterial Cellulose, Selulosa Bakteria, Acetobacter Xylinum, Alkali Treatment, Perlakuan Alkali

Abstract

MORFOLOGI DAN SIFAT TERMAL SELULOSA BAKTERIA HASIL FERMENTASI AIR KELAPA SETELAH PERLAKUAN ALKALI. Penggunaan larutan alkali merupakan salah satu perlakuan kimia pada selulosa bakteria untuk menghilangkan material non selulosa dan pengotor lainnya. Selulosa bakteria pada umumnya merupakan produk fermentasi menggunakan medium sintetik (Hestrin & Schramm) atau air kelapa dengan menggunakan biakan murni Acetobacter xylinum. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan bakteri pembentuk nata berupa biakan dalam air kelapa dalam bentuk starter yang merupakan kultur campuran yang diperdagangkan di Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh alkali pada selulosa bakteria (heterofermentative) melalui analisa morfologi dan sifat termalnya masing-masing menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)- Energy Dispersive XRay Spectroscopy (EDX) dan Thermo-Gravimetry Analysis (TGA). Hasil analisis morfologi permuka an pada selulosa bakteria native(tanpa perlakuan alkali) menunjukkan adanya material non selulosa berikatan dengan jaringan serat selulosa dari selulosa bakteria dan dari hasil identifikasi dengan EDX menunjukkan adanya unsur Natrium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silika (Si) dan Potassium (K) disamping Carbon (C) dan Oksigen (O). Hasil analisis termal menunjukkan adanya beberapa tahap dekomposisi yang teridentifikasi pada selulosa bakteria native yang mengindikasikan adanya komponen non selulosa yang terurai pada beberapa tahap temperatur. Perlakuan dengan alkali menunjukkan hanya satu step dekomposisi. Jumlah residu yang terbentuk setelah proses alkali relative lebih rendah dibanding selulosa bakteri sintetis. Sedangkan degradasi termalnya lebih tinggi dibanding selulosa bakteri dari medium sintetis. Dari hasil analisis di atas menunjukkan perlakuan dengan alkali dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti dari polimer non-biodegradabel untuk aplikasi tertentu pada industri skala besar.

ABSTRACT

MORPHOLOGICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ALKALI TERATED BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FROM COCONUT WATER. Alkali treatment is one of wide chemical treatment for removing non cellulosic materials and other impurities of bacterial cellulose (BC). Presently, BC produced by synthetic medium such as Schramm Hestrin or coconut water fermentation using pure culture of Acetobacter xylinum. In this research BC produced from coconut water fermentation using inoculums as suspension of mixture culture of bacteria A. xylinum in coconut water which commercialised in West Java (Cianjur). Purpose of this research is to know the native and the effect of alkali treatment on the BC (heterofermentive) with evaluation of morphological, elemental analysis and thermal properties by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Thermo-Gravimetry Analysis (TGA), respectively. Observation on morphological surface of native BC showes that there were noncellulosic materials entangled on the network of cellulose fibrils which were identified by EDX analysis as sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), silica (Si) and potassium (K) in addition to carbon (C) and oxygen(O). On thermal analysis, stepwise of decomposition are observed on the native BC indicating the presence of non-cellulosic components which decomposed at different temperatures. While the alkali- treated BC sheet shows a single decomposition stage. The amount of residue formed after alkali treatment was relatively lower than native BC. Thermal degradation properties of the BC produced from coconut water was higher than that of BC belonging to synthetic medium. Based on this data, it is concluded that alkali treated cellulose can be used as a reasonable substitute for various non biodegradable synthetic polymers for large scale industrial in specific application

 

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Published

30-06-2012

How to Cite

Lucia Indrarti, & Rike Yudianti. (2012). MORPHOLOGICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ALKALI TREATED BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FROM COCONUT WATER. Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia, 13(3), 221–225. https://doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2012.13.3.4676