MAGNET PERMANEN NANOKOMPOSIT Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe
Keywords:
Magnet Permanen, Permanent Magnet, Nanokristalin, Nanocrystaline, Nanokomposit, Nanocomposites, Nd-Fe-BAbstract
MAGNET PERMANEN NANOKOMPOSIT Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe. Magnet nanokomposit adalah magnet multi-fasa campuran antara fasa magnet keras dengan koersivitas yang tinggi dan magnet lunak dengan magnetisasi total yang tinggi. Kedua fasa magnetik ini memiliki ukuran fasa magnet dalam skala nanometer sehingga berlangsungnya efek antar fasa menimbulkan sifat kemagnetan yang menarik. Kekuatan magnet permanen nanokomposit Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe terletak pada fasa magnetik utama Nd2 Fe14B yang memiliki anisotropy constant sangat tinggi (4,5 x 106 J.m-3) dan nano kristal α-Fe yang memiliki magnetisasi total tertinggi (2,16 T). Fenomena yang menarik dari campuran kedua jenis fasa magnetik ini dalam struktur nanokomposit adalah loop histeresis yang dihasilkan merupakan loop histeresis layaknya suatu magnet permanen meskipun di dalam material magnet terdapat fasa magnet lunak (α-Fe). Disamping itu, magnetisasi remanen dari magnet nanokomposit memiliki nilai di atas nilai teoritik fasa utama meskipun magnet bersifat isotropi. Dengan demikian implikasi dari struktur nanokomposit material magnet dari pandangan ilmiah, mengundang suatu perbaikan pemahaman terhadap perilaku magnetisasi magnet permanen selama ini. Dari sudut teknologi, diperlukan inovasi dalam proses preparasi untuk menghasilkan magnet nanokomposit. Dalam paper ini dibicarakan hasil penelitian terhadap magnet nanokomposit Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe yang dipersiapkan melalui teknologi proses rapid solidification dan mechanical alloying. Hasil tinjauan model micromagnetic terhadap magnet nanokomposit dari beberapa kelompok peneliti juga disampaikan pintas.
MAGNET PERMANEN NANOKOMPOSIT Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe. Nanocomposite permanent magnet is a multi-phase magnet consisting of a mixture between hard magnetic phase of high coercivity and soft magnetic phase of high total magnetisation. Both magnetic phases in magnets are nanometer in size so as to allow the grain exchange interaction leads to attractive properties. The strenght of nanocomposite permanent magnets of Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe system is determined by the main hard magnetic phase of Nd2 Fe14B having a very high anisotropy constant (4,5 x 106 J.m-3) and nanophases of α-Fe having the highest total magnetisation (2.16 T). An interesting feature of a mixture for the two magnetic phases in a nanocomposite structure is that the hysteresis loop representing hard magnetic behaviour despite the present of soft magnetic α-Fe. In addition, remanent magnetisation for the nanocomposite permanent magnets is above theoretical value of the main phase and material is isotropically magnetic. In this respect, the nanocomposite structure has brought some implications in which from scientific point of view it is required improvement in understanding to permanent magnetisms. From a technological point of view, the technological processing is being challenged to be able to produce permanent magnets with nanocomposite structure. In this paper, results of investigation to nanocomposite permanent magnets of Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe system prepared by rapid solidification and mechanical alloying routes are discussed. Results of calculation employing a micromagnetic model in nanocomposite permanent magnets by some research groups are also briefly reviewed.
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