IDENTIFIKASI EKOFAK MOLUSKA BIVALVA DARI SITUS BENTENG TABANIO, DI KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT
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Abstract
Pada ekskavasi arkeologi di situs Benteng Tabanio yang dilakukan oleh Balai Arkeologi Banjarmasin ditemukan berbagai artefak dan ekofak. Ekofak yang banyak ditemukan adalah cangkang moluska. Namun demikian, cangkang moluska hasil penelitian tersebut belum diidentifikasi secara taksonomis. Pelabelan koleksi ditulis sebagai kerang, cangkang kerang, atau fragmen cangkang kerang, padahal dalam koleksi tersebut terdapat cangkang moluska bivalvia dan cangkang gastropoda. Kerancuan identitas ini berakibat pada kesalahan informasi. Pada penelitian ekskavasi situs Benteng Tabanio, tinggalan ekofaktual moluska bivalvia belum dibahas secara komperehensif. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memahami keberadaan cangkang moluska bivalvia di situs Benteng Tabanio. Identifikasi 101 sampel cangkang marin dilakukan sampai dengan tingkat genus atau spesies dilakukan menggunakan analisis komparasi morfologi dengan cangkang bivalvia marin yang didapatkan di luar zona situs. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat ordo dengan tujuh famili dan empat belas genera atau spesies yang dapat diidentifikasi. Keempat belas genera atau spesies tersebut dapat dikonsumsi, tetapi sisa-sisa cangkang yang ditemukan di situs Benteng Tabanio menunjukkan tidak adanya pemanfaatan moluska bivalvia sebagai bahan pangan ataupun bahan bangunan.
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