Calculation of Radioactive Source Term Release from Flexblue SMR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2021.23.2.6254Keywords:
SMR, PWR-100MWe, Normal operation, Source term, accidentAbstract
One of the National Research Programs (PRN) in the energy sector of the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology for the period of 2020-2024 is the assessment of small modular reactor (SMR) nuclear power plant (NPP). French-designed Flexblue is a PWR-based submerged SMR with a power of 160 MWe. The Flexblue reactor module was built on the ocean site and easily provided the supply of reactor modules, in accordance with the conditions of Indonesia as an archipelagic country. As a part of safety aspect, it is necessary to know the release of fission products (source term), for the study of the radiation safety of a nuclear reactor. This paper aims to examine the source term in normal and abnormal operating conditions, as well as postulated accidents. Based on the Flexblue reactor core parameter data, the calculation of the reactor core inventory using the ORIGEN2 software is evaluated. The source term calculation uses mechanistic and graded approach. The normal source term is calculated assuming the presence of impurities on the fuel plate, due to fabrication limitations. Meanwhile, the abnormal source term is postulated in the LOCA event. The highest source term activity of Flexblue both under normal and abnormal conditions is that of the noble gas group radionuclides. In the normal operation, the maximum source term is 2.14E+04 Ci. In the small-LOCA event, the maximum source term activity is 4.86E+03 Ci, while the maximum activity of the source term under large-LOCA event is 9.73E+05 Ci.
References
Kuntjoro S., Setiawan M.B., Udiyani P.M, Husnayani I, Radionuclide Inventory Analysis of The Flexblue Small Modular Reactor, AIP Conference Proceedings. 2019. 2180, 020006.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135515
Santinello M., Ricotti M.E., Ninokata H., Haratyk G., Ingremeau J.J., Gourmel V. External Heat Transfer Capability of A Submerged SMR Containment: The Flexblue Case, Progress in Nuclear Energy. 2017. 96: 62-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2016.12.002
Udiyani P.M. and Setiawan M.B. Source term Assessment for 100 MWe Pressurized Water Reactor. Journal of Nuclear Reactor Technology Tri Dasa Mega. 2020. 22 (2): 61-67.
https://doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2020.22.2.5844
Udiyani PM., Husnayani I., Setiawan M.B., Kuntjoro S., Adrial H., Hamzah A. Estimation of Radioactive Source Term From RDE Accident. Journal of Nuclear Reactor Technology Tri Dasa Mega. 2019. 21 (3): 113-118.
https://doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2019.21.3.5583
Zhao Y., Zhang L.,Tong J. Development Of Rapid Atmospheric Source Term Estimation System For AP 1000 Nuclear Power Plant. Progress in Nuclear Energy. 2015. 81: 264-275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.02.008
Herranza L.E., Hasteb T., Kärkeläc T. Recent Advances in The Source Term Area Within The SARNET European Severe Accident Research Network. Nuclear Engeneering and Design. 2015. 288: 56-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.03.014
Udiyani P.M., Husnayani I., Deswandri, Sunaryo GR. Analysis of Radiation Safety for Small Modullar Reactor (SMR) on PWR 100 MWe type in: International Symposium of Emerging Nuclear Technology and Engineering Novelty. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series. 2018. 962, 012035.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/962/1/012035
Udiyani P.M., Kuntjoro S., Sunaryo G.R, Susiati H. Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis for Expected Radiation Dose due to Normal Operation of RSG-GAS and RDE Reactors. AJI. 2018. 44 (3): 115-121.
https://doi.org/10.17146/aij.2018.878
Winiarek A., et al. Estimation Of Cesisium 137 Source Term From Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Using A Joint Consistent Assimilation Of Air Concentration And Deposition Observations. Atmospheric Environment. 2014. 82: 268-279.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.017
Shoppner M., et al. Estimation Of Time Defendant Radioactive Source Term From The Fukusima Nuclear Power Plant Accident Using Atmospheric Transport Modeling. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2012. 14: 10-14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.11.008
Guo Q. Prelimanary Source Term And Consequences Assesment Of Primary Cover Gas Leakage Accidentfor CLEAR. Progress in Nuclear Energy. 2015. 78: 136-140
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.08.001
Mehbooba K., Park K., Khan R. Quantification Of In-Containment Fssion Products Source Term For 1000 MWe PWR Under Loss of Coolant Accident. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 2015. 75: 365-376.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2014.08.056
Udiyani PM., Husnayani I., Setiawan M.B., Kuntjoro S., Adrial H., Hamzah A. Estimation of Radioactivity Impact For RDE Based on HTR-10 Hypthetical Accident- A Case Study. in: International Symposium of Emerging Nuclear Technology and Engineering Novelty. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series. 2019. 022037.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1198/2/022037
Vismes Otta A., Gurriarana R., Cagnata X., Massonb O. Fission Product Activity Ratios Measured at Trace Level over France During The Fukushima Accident. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2013. 125: 6-16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.014
Vandenhovea H., et al. Predicting The Environmental Risks Of Radioactive Discharges From Belgian Nuclear Power Plants. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2013. 126: 61-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.07.004
Setiawan, M.B., Kuntjoro S., Udiyani P.M., Husnayani I., Evaluation Of Radionuclide Inventory in The CAREM-25 Small Modular Reactor, AIP Conference Proceedings. 2019. 2180, 020009.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135518
Mehboob K., Xinrong C., Source Term Evaluation of Two Loop PWR Under Hypothetical Severe Accidents, Annals of Nuclear Energy. 2012. 50: 271-284
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2012.07.011
Setiawan, M.B., Udiyani, P.M., Kuntjoro S.,Husnayani I., Tukiran S., Analysis on Transmutation of Long-Lived Fission Products from PWR Spent Fuel Using the 30-MW(thermal) RSG-GAS Reactor, Nuclear Tehcnology. 2020. 206: 1945-1950
https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1720558
Muswemaa J.L., Ekokoa G.B., Lukanda V.M., Loboa J.K.-K, Darko E.O., Boafo E.K., Source Term Derivation and Radiological Safety Analysis for The TRICO II Research Reactor In Kinshasa, Nuclear Engineering and Design. 2015. 281: 51-57
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.11.014
Ozaa R.B., Indumatia S.P., Puranika V.D., Sharmab D.N., Ghoshb A.K. Simplified Approach for Reconstructing The Atmospheric Source Term For Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident Using Scanty Meteorological Data. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 2013. 58: 95-101.
