GROWTH OF CARP (Cyprinus carpio L.) FED WITH RICE BRAN-COCONUT BAGASSE MIXED SUBSTRATE FERMENTED USING Rhizopus oryzae
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Rice bran and coconut bagasse were mixed and then fermented using Rhizopus oryzae for preparing aquafeed. Subsequent feeding test was carried out to determine the effect on the growth of carps (Cyprinus carpio L). Five feeding treatments were employed, one unfermented feed (commercial feed 100%), and the other four feeds produced by fermentation using substrate mixture of rice bran and coconut pulp in four different ratios, namely 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, and 0%:100%. The results showed that feeding 100% commercial feed (true protein 15.25% and crude fibre 6.27%) showed the best results on the fish growth with body weight gain of 2.56 g and feed conversion ratio of 1.95. Meanwhile, feeding fermented feeds (true protein 4.89-9.97% and crude fiber 22.87-25.70%) only resulted in body weight gain in the range of 0.47 to 0.64 g with feed conversion ratio of 2.50 to 2.64. Thus, the fermented feeds promoted growth in tested carps albeit less optimally than commercial feed.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b). Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Ab Jalil A, Abdullah N, Ali AR (2015) Nutrient enhancement of ground sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottboll) pith by solid state fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus for poultry feed. J Food Res 4:1-15
Amri M (2007) Pengaruh bungkil inti sawit fermentasi dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) J Ilmu-Ilmu Perta Indon 9:71-76
Anderson J, Jackson A, Matty A, Capper B (1984) Effects of dietary carbohydrate and fibre on the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linn.) Aquaculture 37:303-314
Animal Feed Directorate (2014) Apresiasi Peningkatan Pemanfaatan Bahan Pakan Lokal, the Grand Palace Hotel, Yogyakarta, 13-14 Maret 2013. Official website of General Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Health, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. http://pakan.ditjennak. pertanian.go.id/index.php/blog/read/kegiatan/apresiasi-bpl accessed on 3 March 2016 at 15:08
Antika R, Hudaidah S, Santoso L (2014) Penggunaan tepung onggok singkong yang difermentasi dengan Rhizopus sp. sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus) J Rekayasa dan Teknol Budidaya Perairan 2:279-284
Bakhtiar A (2002) Pengaruh daun sente (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L) Schott) yang difermentasi Rhizopus oligosporus sebagai bahan substitusi tepung bungkil kedelai terhadap pertumbuhan ikan gurame (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac.) Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia: Bachelor Thesis, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor
Bhilave M, Nadaf S, Bhosale S (2011) Nutritional efficiency in fish fed on formulated feeds. Retrieved September 29, 2015, from http://www.allaboutfeed.net/Nutrition/Raw-Materials/2011/8/Nutritional-efficiency-in-fish-fed-on-formulated-feeds-AAF012616W/
FAO (2015) Table 4.4. Recommended contents of compounded feeds for the different age groups of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Retrieved September 16, 2015, from Aquaculture Feed and Fertilizer Resources Information System: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/ user_upload/affris/docs/NewCommonCarp/carpT4-4.pdf
Hamdy H (2013) Production of mini-food by Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using orange peels. Rom Biotechnol Lett 18:7929-7946
IFT Online (2013) Pertumbuhan industri pakan ternak di 2014 berpotensi melambat. Indonesia Finance Today. Retrieved December 14, 2015, from http://www.ift.co.id/posts/pertumbuhan-industri-pakan-ternak-di-2014-berpotensi-melambat
Kementrian Pertanian Indonesia (2014) Rapat koordinasi pengembangan bahan pakan lokal. Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: Direktorat Pakan Ternak, Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. Retrieved December 16, 2015, from http://pakan.ditjennak.pertanian.go.id/index.php/blog/read/kegiatan/rapat-koordinasi-bahan-pakan-lokal
New M, Wijkström U (2002) Use of fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds. further thoughts on the fishmeal trap. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 975 (FIPP/C975) Rome: FAO
Nwanna L, Lemme A, Metwally A, Schwarz F (2012) Response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to supplemental DL-methionine and different feeding strategies. Aquaculture 356: 365-370
Restiningtyas R, Subandiyono, Pinandoyo (2015) Pemanfaatan tepung daun lamtoro (Laucaena gluca) yang telah difermentasikan dalam pakan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus). J Aquacult Manag Technol 4:26-34
Rijal S (2014) Pemanfaatan limbah tahu terfermentasi dan ikan rucah sebagai bahan baku dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia: Bachelor Thesis, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Uni-versitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Sidik P (2014) Dr. Yuli Andriani. S.Pi. MP. “Pakan dari bahan lokal bukan cuma untuk kepentingan ekonomis, tapi juga ekologisâ€. Profil, Unpad.ac.id. Profil, Unpad.ac.id, terbitan tanggal 9 Juni 2014. http://www.unpad.ac.id/profil/dr-yuli-andriyani-s-pi-mp-pakan-dari-bahan-lokal-bukan-cuma-untuk-kepentingan-ekonomis-tapi-juga-ekologis/ visited on 16 September 2014 at 16:28
Sinha A, Kumar V, Makkar H, De Boeck K (2011) Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition–A review. Food Chem 127(4):1409-1426.
SNI (2015) Pembesaran ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1785) dalam karamba jaring apung di sungai. Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), SNI 8123:2015, 2-5
Sriherwanto C (2010) Studies on the solid state fermentation of cassava bagasse for animal feed. Hamburg, Germany: Doctoral Thesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg
Utami IK, Haetami K, Rosidah (2012) Pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun turi hasil fermentasi dalam pakan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan benih bawal air tawar (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier) J Perikanan Kelautan 3:191-199
Varga J, Péteri Z, Tábori K, Téren J, Vágvölgyi C (2005) Degradation of ochratoxin A and other mycotoxins by Rhizopus isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 99:321-328
Vig AP, Walia A (2001) Beneficial effects of Rhizopus oligosporus fermentation on reduction of glucosinolates, fibre and phytic acid in rapeseed (Brassica napus) meal. Bioresour Technol 78:309-312