Model Kredit untuk Nelayan: Konstruksi atas Sifat Usaha dan Budaya Ekonomi

Abstract

Several factors cause fishermen to experience difficulties in accessing sources of credit from banks, including unstable cash inflows, consumption patterns that are considered wasteful, and lack of collateral. In general, fishermen overcome this problem by relying on sources of financing from personal savings, loans from families and high-cost non-formal financial institutions. The problem is that if fishermen are considered not bankable, why are non-formal financial institutions willing to provide credit? The purpose of writing this article is to find financing patterns that apply among fishermen and formulate fishermen financing models that are in accordance with the conditions and economic culture of fishermen in sharing risks, sharing capital and sharing results. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with informants in several coastal areas of Java and outside Java during the 2011-2014 period, then processed and analyzed qualitatively interpretatively and reconstructed in the form of fishermen’s financing patterns and models. There are two important findings in this study. The first is the pattern of financing fishermen in the form of an inverted U which describes the three stages of financing fishermen, namely pre-bankable, bankable and post-bankable. The second is a fishermen’s financing model that is in accordance with the fishermen’s economic culture which is formulated in four criteria namely flexible, excellent services, trust and affordability, which is shortened to FESTA