On The Use Of The Cohesive Zone Model In Validating Mixed-Mode Bending Apparatus Design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55981/ijoa.2025.7078Keywords:
mixed-mode bending, mixed-mode ratio, aluminum adherends, cohesive zone model (czm), b-k modelAbstract
Understanding the strength of adhesive materials has been increasingly relevant due to their expanding use in many industries. The importance of understanding its mixed-mode behavior also increases since realistic loading cases rarely involve pure mode I and pure mode II loads. The mixed-mode bending (MMB) test, standardized by ASTM D6671, is a particularly intriguing test that could be used to map adhesive strength in a whole range of mixed-mode ratios, only by using a single specimen design. An MMB apparatus design has been developed based on guidelines provided by ASTM D6671 to test aluminum adherends with modifications that conform to local manufacturing capabilities and material availability. This design was then numerically inspected using the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) and Benzeggagh-Kenane (B-K) model to check its validity and understand its work range. Mesh convergence test, adherend stiffness variation, and adhesive strength variation were conducted in ABAQUS. Results show satisfactory stability and validity of the design to test aluminum adherends.
References
American Society for Testing and Materials. (2006). Standard Test Method for Mixed Mode
I-Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Matrix Composites. West Conshohocken: ASTM International.
Benzeggagh, M. L., & Kenane, M. (1996). Measurement of mixed mode delamination fracture
toughness of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites with mixed-mode bending apparatus.
Composite Science and Technology (56), 439-449.
Borges, C. S., Akhavan-Safar, A., Tsokanas, P., Carbas, R. J., Marques, E. A., & da Silva, L.
F. (2023). From fundamental concepts to recent developments in the adhesive bonding
technology: a general view. Discover Mechanical Engineering, 2(8).
Kermanidis, A. T. (2020). Revolutionizing Aircraft Materials and Processes. In Aircraft Alumunium
Alloys: Application and Future Trends. Springer Link.
Marques, A. C., Mocanu, A., Tomi´c, N. Z., Balos, S., Stammen, E., Lundevall, A., . . . de Freitas,
S. T. (2020). Review on Adhesives and Surface Treatments for Structural Applications:
Recent Developments on Sustainability and Implementation for Metal and Composite
Substrates. Materials MDPI, 13(5590).
Reeder, J. R. (2003). A Criterion to Control Nonlinear Error in the Mixed-Mode Bending Test.
Composite Material: Testing and Design, 14.
Reeder, J. R., & Crews, J. H. (1988). A MIXED-MODE BENDING APPARATUS FOR DELAMINATION
TESTING. NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM(1000662).
Reeder, J. R., & Crews, Jr., J. H. (1991). NONLINEAR ANALYSIS AND REDESIGN OF
THE MIXED-MODE BENDING DELAMINATION TEST. NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM(
102777).
Salve, A., & Jalwadi, S. N. (2015). Implementation of Cohesive Zone in ABAQUS to Investigate
Fracture Problems. National Conference for Engineering Post Graduates RIT.
Viana, F., Campilho, R. D., & Rocha, R. J. (2019). Fracture modelling of adhesively-bonded
joints by an inverse method. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 48.
94
Indonesian Journal of Aerospace Vol. 32 No. 2 December 2025 : pp 77–94 (Syamsudin et al.)
Wyoming Test Fixtures, Inc. (2023). Wyoming Test Fixtures. (Wyoming Test Fixtures, Inc.)
Retrieved 12 21, 2023, from https://wyomingtestfixtures.com/products/fracturetoughness/
mixed-mode-bending-fracture-toughness-test-fixture-astm-d-6671/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hendri Syamsudin, M Giri Suada, Muhammad Daffa Adhitama

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


