GLOBAL HORIZONTAL IRRADIANCE ESTIMATION IN TROPICAL TERRAIN USING SEMI-EMPIRICAL APPROACH: A SEASONAL ASSESSMENT IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30536/ijreses.v21i2.11405Keywords:
Solar irradiance, Semi-empirical, Topography, Estimation, Tropical RegionAbstract
Accurate estimation of solar irradiance is essential for optimizing solar energy planning, particularly in tropical regions like Indonesia, where observational infrastructure is limited and atmospheric conditions are highly variable. This study addresses the challenge by applying the Perez semi-empirical model to estimate Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) across West Java, a topographically diverse province with seasonal weather dynamics. The model integrates satellite-based reflectance data from the GK2A satellite and atmospheric parameters from AERONET, using a spatial resolution of 0.5 km. GHI estimation was conducted for four tropical seasonal phases: the rainy season, transition to dry, dry season, and transition to rainy. Model validation was performed using hourly GHI measurements from two BMKG stations in Indramayu. The Perez model showed strong performance, with RMSE ranging from 146.96 to 163.52 W/m² and relative RMSE below 38%. The results indicate that the model reliably captures both seasonal and spatial variations of solar radiation under tropical atmospheric conditions. Spatial analysis reveals a consistent pattern: lowland and coastal areas receive significantly higher GHI compared to highland regions, which are affected by cloud formation and orographic effects. These findings confirm the model’s suitability for tropical solar forecasting and offer valuable insights for identifying high-potential zones for photovoltaic development.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Pranda Mulya Garniwa, Rifdah Octavi Azzahra, Muhammad Dimyati
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