The Effect of Land Cover Changes on Water Quality in the Cisadane River Basin, West Java, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55981/limnotek.2025.8944Keywords:
Cisadane River Basin, Land Cover Changes, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Pollution Index, Water QualityAbstract
The availability of water and quality of clean water are increasingly affected by population growth. As the human population expand, the demand for goods and services rises, often leading to intensified in water use and pollution. This study examines the correlation between land cover changes and water quality in the Cisadane River Basin. Water quality data were collected as a time series from 2019 to 2022, focusing on eight parameters: TDS, TSS, BOD5, COD, DO, TP, NO3-N, and NH3-N. Water quality classification was carried out using the Pollution Index (IP) method. Land cover changes were analyzed through visual interpretation using ArcGIS at a 1:10,000 scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of land cover on river water quality. The results indicate that the overall water quality in the Cisadane River Basin falls under the ‘slightly polluted’ category, with noticeable influence from land cover changes. Between 2019 and 2022, built-up land increased by approximately 5.5% contributing to elevated BOD₅ levels in several locations, such as Babakan and Genteng, indicating rising organic pollution from domestic waste and urban activities. Conversely, a decrease in vegetation cover by around 6.3% at various observation points correlated with decreased DO levels, especially in downstream areas such as Tanjung Burung and Vihara, potentially disrupting aquatic ecosystem balance. These findings suggests that vegetation cover plays an important role in maintaining water quality and ecological stability, while the expansion of built-up and agricultural areas tends to elevate pollutant loads in river water. Therefore, the results of this study can serve as a reference for policymakers in spatial planning of the Cisadane River Basin, especially in developing land conservation and waste management strategies to improve water quality and maintain the sustainability of water resources in the region
References
Abdullahi AB, Siregar AR, Pakiding W, Mahyuddin. 2021. The analysis of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) contents in the water of around laying chicken farm. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 788. IOP Publishing Ltd.
Ainiyah N, Deliar A, Virtriana R. 2016. The Classical Assumption Test to Driving Factors of Land Cover Change in The Development Region of Northern Part of West Java. In: International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives. Vol. 41. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. p. 205–210.
Akinnawo SO. 2023. Eutrophication: Causes, consequences, physical, chemical and biological techniques for mitigation strategies. Environmental Challenges. 12.doi:10.1016/j.envc.2023.100733.
Alita D, Putra AD, Darwis D. 2021. Analysis of Classic Assumption Test and Multiple Linear Regression Coefficient Test for Employee Structural Office Recommendation. IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems). 15(3):295–306.doi:10.22146/ijccs.65586.
Anh NT, Can LD, Nhan NT, Schmalz B, Luu T Le. 2023. Influences of key factors on river water quality in urban and rural areas: A review. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering. 8.doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100424.
Arkan Pratama F, Chamid C. 2021. Pengaruh Penggunaan Lahan Terhadap Kualitas Air Waduk Jatiluhur Jawa Barat. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota. 16(2):1–8.
Basu R, Das A. 2024. Urbanization induced changes in land use dynamics and its nexus to ecosystem service values: A spatiotemporal investigation to promote sustainable urban growth. Cities, 139, 104345. doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.104345.
Bilotta GS, Brazier RE. 2008. Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota. Water Res. 42(12):2849–2861.doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.03.018.
Bratek A, Emeis KC, Sanders T, Wankel SD, Struck U, Möbius J, Dähnke K. 2020. Nitrate sources and the effect of land cover on the isotopic composition of nitrate in the catchment of the Rhône River. Isotopes Environ Health Stud. 56(1):14–35.doi:10.1080/10256016.2020.1723580.
Chapra SC, Camacho LA, McBride GB. 2021. Impact of global warming on dissolved oxygen and bod assimilative capacity of the world’s rivers: Modelling analysis. Water (Switzerland). 13(17). doi:10.3390/w13172408.
Chu CYC, Yu RR. 2002. Population Dynamics and the Decline in Biodiversity: A Survey of the Literature. Popul Dev Rev. 28:126–143.
Dawud M, Namara I, Chayati N, Lt FM. 2016. Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Pencemaran Air Sungai Cisadane Kota Tangerang Berbasis Masyarakat. Di dalam: Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi. Jakarta: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah. hlm. 1–8.
Decree of the Indonesian Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003 concerning Guidelines for Determining Water Quality Status.
Effendi H. 2016. Evaluation of water quality status of Ciliwung River Based on Pollution Index. In: Proceedings IAIA 16 Nagoya, Japan.
Effendi H. 2017. River water quality preliminary rapid assessment using pollution Index. Procedia Environ Sci. 33:562–567.
Effendi H, Permatasari PA, Muslimah S, Mursalin. 2018. Water quality of Cisadane River based on watershed segmentation. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 149. Institute of Physics Publishing.
Effendi H, Prayoga G, Azhar AR, Permadi T, Santoso EN. 2021. Pollution index of Cileungsi-Cikeas-Bekasi river. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 744(1). doi:10.1088/1755-1315/744/1/012015.
Effendi H, Romanto, Wardiatno Y. 2015. Water quality status of Ciambulawung River, Banten Province, based on pollution index and NSF-WQI. Procedia Environ Sci.:228–237.
Feng Z, Xu C, Zuo Y, Luo X, Wang L, Chen H, Xie X, Yan D, Liang T. 2023. Analysis of water quality indexes and their relationships with vegetation using self-organizing map and geographically and temporally weighted regression. Environ Res. 216. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114587.
Hamidi Z, Kamulyan B. 2022. Studi Hubungan antara Penggunaan Lahan dan Kualitas Air Sungai di Kabupaten Sleman. Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia. 7(9):18634–18648.
Iqtashada, Febrita J. 2023. Pengaruh Tata Guna Lahan terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Cisadane di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan. 8(1):9–18.doi:10.29244/jsil.8.1.9-18.
Junaidi. 2010. Tabel Durbin-Watson (DW), α = 5%. https://junaidichaniago.wordpress.com/2010/04/24/download-tabel-durbin watson-dw-lengkap/.:1–13.
Kang CS., and Kanniah KD. 2022. Land use and land cover change and its impact on water river morphology in Johor River Basin, Malaysia. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 41.101072.1-25.
Kemp DD. 2004. Exploring Environmental Issues: An Integrated Approach (1st ed.). Ed ke-1. London and New York: Routledge.
Kosasih, D., Buce Saleh, M., & Prasetyo, L. B. 2019. Interpretasi Visual dan Digital untuk Klasifikasi Tutupan Lahan di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI), 24(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.24.2.101
Li C, Ma X, Teng Y, Li S, Jin Y, Du J, Jiang L. 2023. Quantitative Analysis of Forest Water COD Value Based on UV–vis and FLU Spectral Information Fusion. Forests. 14(7):1–12.doi:10.3390/f14071361.
Lin W, Luo H, Wu J, Hung TC, Cao B, Liu X, Yang J, Yang P. 2023. A Review of the Emerging Risks of Acute Ammonia Nitrogen Toxicity to Aquatic Decapod Crustaceans. Water (Switzerland). 15(1). doi:10.3390/w15010027.
Locke KA. 2024. Impacts of land use/land cover on water quality: A contemporary review for researchers and policymakers. Water Quality Research Journal. 59(2):89–106.doi:10.2166/wqrj.2024.002.
Ma X, Li N, Yang H, Li Y. 2022. Exploring the relationship between urbanization and water environment based on coupling analysis in Nanjing, East China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 29:4654–4667.doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15161-1/Published.
Masiaga NR, Worang FG, Mandagie Y. 2022. Analysis of The Effect of Security and Trust on Customer Satisfaction in Manado City Who Shops Online at LAZADA.COM. Jurnal EMBA. 10(2):900–910.
Namugize JN, Jewitt G, Graham M. 2018. Effects of land use and land cover changes on water quality in the Umgeni river catchment, South Africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 105:247–264. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2018.03.013.
National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. SNI 7645:2010 – Land cover classification.
Nilda, Wayan Sandi Adnyana I, Nyoman Merit I. 2015. Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan dan Dampaknya terhadap Hasil Air di DAS Cisadane Hulu. Ecotrophic. 9(1):35–45.
Nurcahya WA, Arisanti NP, Hanandhika AN. 2024. Penerapan Uji Asumsi Klasik Untuk Mendeteksi Kesalahan Pada Data Sebagai Upaya Menghindari Pelanggaran Pada Asumsi Klasik. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin. 1(12):472–481. doi:10.5281/zenodo.104492725.
Prilly IAS, Harisuseno D. 2019. Domestic Wastewater Contribution to Water Quality of Brantas River at Dinoyo Urban Village, Malang City. J-PAL. 10(2):2087–3522. doi:10.21776/ub.jpal.2019.010.02.02.
Purba DS, Tarigan WJ, Sinaga M, Tarigan V. 2021. Pelatihan Penggunaan Software SPSS dalam Pengolahan Regressi Linear Berganda untuk Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Simalungun di Masa Pendemi Covid 19. Jurnal Karya Abdi. 5(2):202–208.
Regulation of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management.
Samaras A, Tsoukali P, Katsika L, Pavlidis M, Papadakis IE. 2023. Chronic impact of exposure to low dissolved oxygen on the physiology of Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata and its effects on the acute stress response. Aquaculture. 562.doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738830.
Sasongko EB, Widyastuti E, Priyono RE. 2014. Kajian Kualitas Air dan Penggunaan Sumur Gali oleh Masyarakat di Sekitar Sungai Kaliyasa, Kabupaten Cilacap. 12:72–82.
Sinulingga VB, Barus TA, Wahyuningsih H. 2023. Analysis of Water Quality Pollution Index Asahan river in Tanjungbalai City. Depik. 12(3):381–388. doi:10.13170/depik.12.3.33274.
Sudinda TW. 2021. Analisis Neraca Air Daerah Aliran Sungai Cisadane. Rekayasa Lingkungan. 14(1).
Susilowati S, Sutrisno J, Masykuri M, Maridi M. 2018. Dynamics and factors that affects DO-BOD concentrations of Madiun River. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2049. American Institute of Physics Inc.
Suwari et al. 2011. Model Dinamik Pengendalian Pencemaran Air Kali Surabaya. Bumi Lestari Journal Of Environment. 11(2).
Syawal MS, Wardiatno Y, Hariyadi S. 2016. Pengaruh Aktivitas Antropogenik Terhadap Kualitas Air, Sedimen dan Moluska di Danau Maninjau, Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Biologi Tropis. 16(1):1–14.
Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD. 2003. Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse. Ed ke-4 the McGraw Hill Companies Inc, editor. Metcalf & Eddy Inc.
Tong STY, Chen W. 2002. Modeling the relationship between land use and surface water quality. J Environ Manage. 66(4):377–393.doi:10.1006/jema.2002.0593.
Ullah S, Qiao X, Abbas M. 2024. Addressing the impact of land use land cover changes on land surface temperature using machine learning algorithms. Sci Rep. 14(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68492-7.
Vigiak O, Grizzetti B, Udias-Moinelo A, Zanni M, Dorati C, Bouraoui F, Pistocchi A. 2019. Predicting biochemical oxygen demand in European freshwater bodies. Science of the Total Environment. 666:1089–1105. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.252.
Wariunsora S, Kusuma Z, Suprayogo D. 2024. Analisis Hubungan Tutupan Lahan dan Indikator Kesehatan Hidrologi DAS Rejoso, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan. 11(1):289–300.doi:10.21776/ub.jtsl.2024.011.1.31.
Widodo T, Sri Budiastuti MT, Komariah. 2019. Water Quality and Pollution Index in the Grenjeng River, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 34(2):150–161. doi:10.20961/carakatani.v34i2.29186.
Yusuf SM, Nugroho SP, Effendi H, Prayoga G, Permadi T, Santoso EN. 2021. Surface runoff of Bekasi River subwatershed. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 744. IOP Publishing Ltd.
Zhang Z, Li J, Hu Z, Zhang W, Ge H, Li X. 2023. Impact of Land Use/Land Cover and Landscape Pattern on Water Quality in Dianchi Lake Basin, Southwest of China. Sustainability (Switzerland). 15(4). doi:10.3390/su15043145.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Harry Hidayat, Hefni Effendi, Lilik Budi Prasetyo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
