ANALYSIS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF Moringa oleifera LEAF TEA FORMULATION AND NATURAL SPICES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO STUNTING PREVENTION
Main Article Content
Abstract
Stunting prevention efforts require a locally focused, nutrient-rich, and easily accessible approach. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical potential of moringa tea (Moringa oleifera) and various natural spices such as ginger, turmeric, lemongrass, and galangal as natural alternatives in stunting prevention. The research will be carried out from June to December 2024. The methods used include qualitative phytochemical tests to identify active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids/steroids; the formulation of moringa leaf tea and natural spices; and a literature review and meta-analysis of the role of these bioactives in supporting the nutritional status and immune system of children. The results of the analysis showed that moringa tea and spices contain a variety of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulant properties that have the potential to support optimal growth of children. Based on the results of meta-analysis and literature studies, it can be concluded that the phytochemical content of Moringa leaf tea has the potential to prevent stunting in mothers and children. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of the formula and optimal dosage in clinical applications.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b). Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Aboagye, G., Tuah, B., Bansah, E., Tettey, C., & Hunkpe, G. (2021). Comparative evaluation of antioxidant properties of lemongrass and other tea brands. Scientific African, 11, e00718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00718
Abubakar, I., Danyaya, J. A., Abdullahi, Z., Zubairu, A., Sahabi, A. U., & Ahmad, F. (2022). Phytochemical screening, nutritional and anti-nutritional compo-sition of aqueous rhizome extract of Curcuma longa. J Biotechn Bio-chem, 8(2), 1-9. DOI: 10.9790/264X-08020109
Adhikary, K., Banerjee, P., Barman, S., Bandyopadhyay, B., & Bagchi, D. (2024). Nutritional aspects, chemistry profile, extraction techniques of lemongrass essential oil and it’s phys-iological benefits. Journal of the amer-ican nutrition association, 43(2), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2023.2245435
Afriza, Z. N., Muhani, N., Sari, N., & Sari, F. E. (2023). Use of moringa leaves to meet toddler nutrition in the prevention of stunting. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidi-kan Ipa, 9(12), 11333-11341. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.4325
Ahmed, M. H., Vasas, D., Hassan, A., & Molnár, J. (2022). The impact of func-tional food in prevention of malnutri-tion. PharmaNutrition, 19, 100288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100288
Alharbi, Y. M., Elzahar, K. M., Qahl, S. H., Alghamdi, A. M., Alharbi, A. A., Alanazi, Y. F., ... & El-Saadony, M. T. (2024). Nutritional significance, anti-microbial, antioxidants, anticancer, and antiviral activities of lemongrass leaves extract and its application as hepatoprotective agent against CCl4-Induced hepatic injury in rats. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciênci-as, 96(3), e20230646. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230646
Ali, B. H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M. O., & Nemmar, A. (2008). Some phyto-chemical, pharmacological and toxico-logical properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food and chemical Toxicol-ogy, 46(2), 409-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.085
Aljobair, M. O. (2022). Chemical composi-tion, antimicrobial properties, and an-tioxidant activity of galangal rhi-zome. Food Science and Technolo-gy, 42, e45622. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.45622
Amalraj, A., AC, K. V., Jude, S., & Kuttap-pan, S. (2023). Galangal—Roles in nutraceuticals and functional foods. In Herbs, Spices and Their Roles in Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (pp. 95-109). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90794-1.00016-8
Andriani, M., Kes, M. M., Hairunis, M. N., SKM, M. G., Yanti, N. S., Kes, M. M., & Ihsan, M. P. (2022). Moringa Oleif-era Pencegah Stunting. Feniks Muda Sejahtera.
Anyaoku, I. C., Igwilo, I. O., & Ezekwesili, C. N. (2023). Nutritional Profile and Health Promoting Properties of Cur-cuma Longa (Linn)(Tumeric). International Journal of Research Publication and Re-views, 4(11), 2731-2740.
Arifianti L, Oktarina RD, Kusumawati I. 2014. Pengaruh jenis pelarut pengek-traksi terhadap kadar sinensetin da-lam ekstrak daun Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. E J Planta Husada. 2 (1): 1-4.
Azis T, Febrizky S, Mario AD. 2014. Pengaruh jenis pelarut terhadap per-sen yieldalkaloid dari daun salam in-dia Murraya koenigii. T Kimia. 2(20):1-6.
Basri, H., Hadju, V., Zulkifli, A., Syam, A., & Indriasari, R. (2021). Effect of Moringa oleifera supplementation during preg-nancy on the prevention of stunted growth in children between the ages of 36 to 42 months. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), jphr-2021. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2207
Brar, S., Haugh, C., Robertson, N., Owuor, P. M., Waterman, C., Fuchs III, G. J., & Attia, S. L. (2022). The impact of Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation on human and animal nutrition, growth, and milk production: A sys-tematic review. Phytotherapy Re-search, 36(4), 1600-1615. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7415
Budiono, N. D. P., & Has, D. F. S. (2025). The effectiveness of moringa leaves extract to prevent stunting at toddlers aged 23-59 months. Science Midwife-ry, 13(1), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v13i1.1872
Chalik, I. (2023). Daun Kelor Miliki Kan-dungan Protein Berfungsi Cegah Stunting. 6–9. https://bengkulu.bkkbn.go.id/daun-kelor-miliki-kandungan-protein-berfungsi-cegah- stunt-ing/#:~:text=Dari daunnya yang kecil terdapat,otak anak akibat kekurangan gizi”.
Crownful. (2024). Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using a Food Dehydra-tor. Diakses dari https://www.crownful.com.
Cyril, O. (2023). Nutrient and phytochemical compositions of aqueous extracts of black pepper (Piper guineense) seed, turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome. Journal of Home Economics Research, 107.
Das, G., Patra, J. K., Gonçalves, S., Roma-no, A., Gutierrez-Grijalva, E. P., Heredia, J. B., ... & Shin, H. S. (2020). Galangal, the multipotent super spic-es: A comprehensive review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 101, 50-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.032
Edo, G. I., Igbuku, U. A., Makia, R. S., Isoje, E. F., Gaaz, T. S., Yousif, E., ... & Umar, H. (2025). Phytochemical pro-file, therapeutic potentials, nutritional composition, and food applications of ginger: a comprehensive re-view. Discover Food, 5(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00280-2
El-Sahn, A. A., Manaa, E. A., Amal, M., Khalifah, A. M., Fayez, S., Abdel-Daim, A. S., ... & Abdel-Latif, M. A. (2024). Lemongrass extract enhances productive performance, blood bi-omarkers, immunity, and gut health of broilers. Heliyon, 10(18). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37783
Fatma, H., & Siddique, H. R. (2023). Re-search and patents status of selected phytochemicals against cancer: how close and how far?. Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery, 18(4), 428-447. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574892818666221107113648
Februyani, N., & Basith, A. (2023). The Skrining dan Uji Penggolongan Fitokimia dengan Metode KLT pada Ekstrak Etanol Kemangi (Ocium basil-icum L) dan Sereh Dapur (Cymbopo-gon ciratus). Jurnal Farmasi Medi-ca/Pharmacy Medical Journal (PMJ), 6(2), 140-147. https://doi.org/10.35799/pmj.v6i2.50782
Gaba, J., Bhardwaj, G., & Sharma, A. (2020). Lemongrass. Antioxidants in vegetables and nuts-properties and health benefits, 75-103..,
Hardia, L., Akrom, A., Hidayati, T., & Sulis-tyani, N. (2025). Evaluation of Herbal Honey with Black Cumin and Curcu-ma xanthorriza as an Antioxidant Supplement for Stunting Preven-tion. Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy, 5(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.56338/jphp.v5i1.5549
Hartoyo, V. M., Sidharta, B., & Widiastuti, S. S. (2025). AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN BANDOTAN (Ag-eratum conyzoides) TERHADAP Ba-cillus cereus DAN Salmonella typhi. Berita Biologi, 24(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.55981/berita_biologi.2025.5760
Hasan, T., Ida, N., & Qifni, S. F. (2023). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Kunyit Hitam (Curcuma Caesia Roxb.) Asal Luwu Utara Dengan Metode Dpph. Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indo-nesia, 5(3), 439-457. https://doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v5i3.397
Hidayah, H., Fatmawati, F., Khairunnisa, J., & Putri, M. H. (2023). Aktivitas triterpenoid sebagai senyawa anti-kanker. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(2), 10168-10183.
Ifandi, S., & Alfiza, I. S. (2023). Analisis kualitatif fitokimia pada rimpang lengkuas putih (Alpinia galanga L.) sebagai antibakteri Klebsiella pneu-monia. Journal of Herbal, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Science (HER-CLIPS), 4(02), 11-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/herclips.v4i02.5356
Ikalinus, R., Widyastuti, S. K. dan Setiasih, N. L. E. 2015. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol kulit batang kelor (Moringa oleifera). Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 4(1), pp.71-79
Ishmah, L. Z., Indrasati, A., Rosita, Y. S., Kausar, I., Zurly, S., Nopianti, A., Ca-hyaninghati, N. W. P., Islamy, M. I., Rosid, A., & Hidayat, N. F. Sosial-isasi Stunting dan embuatan Nugget Kelor Sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Pencegehan Stunting. Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA, 6(3), 626–630. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpmpi.v6i3.5022
Istiqomah, & Jannah, N. L. Pemanfaatan Daun Kelor Menjadi Sebuah Produk Bernilai Jual di Desa Kesemen Ngoro Mojokerto. Nasional Seminar for Re-search Community Development, 5(1), 100–108; 2021
Januarti, I. B., Santoso, A. dan Razak, A. S. 2017. Ekstraksi senyawa flavonoid daun jati (Tectona grandis L.) dengan metode ultrasonik. Media Farmasi In-donesia, 12(2), pp.1181-1266.
Jegede, R. E., Ayeni, G., Abaniwo, R. M., Audu, G. A., & Haruna, A. (2024). Bi-ochemical and Phytochemical Effica-cy of Defatted Moringa oleifera Seeds in Alleviating Protein-Energy Malnutri-tion. bioRxiv, 2024-10. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.14.618128
Khotimah, S. H. H. (2023). Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Yang Memiliki Balita Tentang Gerakan 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Posyandu Pakuhaji Kabupaten Tangerang: (The Relationship Between Mothers' Knowledge of Toddlers About the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK) Movement and Stunting Incidents in Toddlers at Posyandu Pakuhaji, Tangerang Re-gency. Indonesian Scholar Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IS-JNMS), 3(02), 1115-1122. https://doi.org/10.54402/isjnms.v3i02.399
Khusnul, K. (2017). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L) terhadap Pertumbuhan Trichophyton rubrum secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keperawa-tan, Analis Kesehatan dan Farma-si, 17(1), 73-80.
Kiyama, R. (2020). Nutritional implications of ginger: chemistry, biological activi-ties and signaling pathways. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 86, 108486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108486
Kustiani, A., Adya, A., Nurdin, S. U., & In-driani, Y. (2022). Potensi Tepung Daun Kelor untuk Pencegahan Stunt-ing Sejak Dini.
Leslie, A. G. J., & Gunawan, S. (2023). Ekstrak jahe merah (Zingiber offici-nale Var. Rubrum): uji fitokimia, anali-sa sidik jari, kapasitas total antioksi-dan, dan penentuan kadar fenolik. Jurnal Kesehatan Tam-busai, 4(2), 2007-2016.
Marhaeni, L. S. (2021). Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Sebagai Sumber Pangan Fungsional Dan Antioksidan Luluk. Agrisia, 13(2), 40–53.
Minantyo, H., Purnomo, H., Winarno, P. S., & Kartikawati, M. (2019). The im-provement of nutrition quality and or-ganoleptic characteristics of Indone-sian milkfish meatball by adding kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves. Inter-national Food Research Journal, 26(1), 263–268.
More, S. B., Gogate, P. R., & Waghmare, J. S. (2022). Bioactives from pomegran-ate peel and moringa leaves as natu-ral antioxidants for stability of edible oil blends. Brazilian Journal of Chemi-cal Engineering, 39(2), 527-538.
Najmah, N., Fitria, R., & Kurniawati, E. (2023). Skrining fitokimia, total flavo-noid dan fenolik daun sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Ren-dle). Jurnal Crystal: Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Tera-pannya, 5(1), 62-70 https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v5i1.2642
Nurfina, N., & Sutji, W. (2021). Pengaruh Penambahan Bahan Fungsional pada Minuman Serbuk Daun Kelor. Prosid-ing Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi.
Oluwafemi, A. G., Ajayi, O. B., & Oseni, O. A. (2022). Phytochemical screening, nutritional composition, and antioxi-dant activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa) found in Ado-ekiti, Nigeria. J Appl Life Sci Int, 25(1), 1-8.
Pan, D., Machado, L., Bica, C. G., Macha-do, A. K., Steffani, J. A., & Cadoná, F. C. (2022). In vitro evaluation of antiox-idant and anticancer activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf). Nutrition and can-cer, 74(4), 1474-1488. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1952456
Permatananda, P. A. N. K., Aryastuti, A. A. S. A., Cahyawati, P. N., Udiyani, D. P. C., Wijaya, D., Pandit, I. G. S., & Wirajaya, A. A. N. M. (2021, April). Phytochemical and antioxidant capac-ity test on turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) traditionally processed in Bali. In Journal of Physics: Conference Se-ries(Vol. 1869, No. 1, p. 012035). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.51172/jbmb.v1i2.115
Putra, A. I. Y. D., Setiawan, N. B. W., San-jiwani, M. I. D., Wahyuniari, I. A. I., & Indrayani, A. W. (2021). Nutrigenomic and biomolecular aspect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder as supplementa-tion for stunting children. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnolo-gy, 6(1), 1-15.
Putri, T. S. (2016). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Potensi Infusa Rimpang Lengkuas (Alpinia Galanga (L.) Willd.) Sebagai Pengawet Alami Terhadap Daging Ayam Dan Tahu Putih Berdasarkan Aktivitas Antibakterinya (Doctoral Dis-sertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto).
Putri, A. N., Suryani, I., & Ratnasari, D. (2019). Analisis Uji Sensori untuk Pengembangan Produk Minuman Fungsional Berbasis Bahan Alami. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan, 8(2), 102-109.
Ramanunny, A. K., Wadhwa, S., Gulati, M., Vishwas, S., Khursheed, R., Paudel, K. R., ... & Singh, S. K. (2022). Jour-ney of Alpinia galanga from kitchen spice to nutraceutical to folk medicine to nanomedicine. Journal of eth-nopharmacology, 291, 115144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115144
Raczyńska, A., Leszczyńska, T., Skotnicki, P., & Koronowicz, A. (2025). The im-pact of selected components used in clinical nutrition on inflammation caused malnutrition-a literature re-view.
Rivai, A. T. O. (2020). Identifikasi senyawa yang terkandung pada ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera). Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences, 6(2).
Saepudin, M. S., Pd, M., & Ilyas, M. A. (2024). Institusi Islam dan pengen-dalian stunting. Kbm Kreator Yogya-karta.
Saini RK, Manoj P, Shetty NPet al. Dietary iron supplements and Moringa oleifera leaves influence the liver hepcidin messenger RNA expression and bio-chemical indices of iron status in rats. Nutr Res 2014;34:630–8. Crossref. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.003
Santoso, A. L., Sanjaya, A., Khamidah, N., & Idawati, I. (2024, January). ENVI-RONMENTAL ENTERIC DYSFUNC-TION PADA STUNTING. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional COSMIC Kedok-teran (Vol. 2, pp. 8-12). https://prosidingcosmic.fk.uwks.ac.id/
Sari, D., & Nasuha, A. (2021). kandungan zat gizi, fitokimia, dan aktivitas farma-kologis pada jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Tropical Bioscience: Journal of Biological Science, 1(2), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.32678/tropicalbiosci.v1i2.5246
Sharma, S., Katoch, V., Kumar, S., & Chat-terjee, S. (2021). Functional relation-ship of vegetable colors and bioactive compounds: Implications in human health. The Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry, 92, 108615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108615
Shary, A. K., & Mahfur, M. (2023). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji Kadar Kurkumin Pada Fraksi Etil Asetat Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma Longa) Dengan Metode Klt Dan Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Pena: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, 37(2), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.31941/jurnalpena.v37i2.3080
Shija AE, Rumisha SF, Oriyo NMet al. Ef-fect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on reducing anemia in children below two years in Kisarawe District, Tanzania. Food Sci Nutr 2019;7:2584–94. Crossref. Pub-Med. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1110
Sianipar, E. A. (2021). The potential of In-donesian traditional herbal medicine as immunomodulatory agents: a re-view. International Journal of Pharma-ceutical Sciences and Re-search, 12(10), 5229. http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(10).5229-37
Singh, D. N., Bohra, J. S., Dubey, T. P., Shivahre, P. R., Singh, R. K., Singh, T., & Jaiswal, D. K. (2023). Common foods for boosting human immunity: A review. Food science & nutri-tion, 11(11), 6761-6774. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3628
Su, B., & Chen, X. (2020). Current status and potential of Moringa oleifera leaf as an alternative protein source for animal feeds. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 53.
Swari, S. J., Sasmita, I. R. A., Kartika, R. C., Alfiansyah, G., & Pratama, M. R. Produk Inovasi Es Krim Kelor Se-bagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting di Desa. National Conference for Com-munity Service (NaCosVi), 360–365; 2023 https://proceedings.polije.ac.id/index.php/ppm/article/view/632
Syafitri, N. E., Bintang, M. dan Falah, S. 2014. Kandungan fitokimia, total fenol, dan total flavonoid ekstrak buah harendong (Melastoma affine D. Don). Current Biochemistry, 1(3), pp.105-115.
Unuofin, J. O., Masuku, N. P., Paimo, O. K., & Lebelo, S. L. (2021). Ginger from farmyard to town: Nutritional and pharmacological applica-tions. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 779352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.779352
Verma, R. K., & Sharma, N. (2022). Phyto-chemical and pharmacological activi-ties of: a review Alpinia galan-gal. Asian J Pharm Pharmacol, 8(3), 74-85.
Wibowo, A., & Hidayat, T. (2020). Peran Evaluasi Sensoris dalam Optimasi Produk Minuman Sehat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Pangan dan Gizi.
Wijanarko, A., Perawati, S. dan Andriani, L. 2020. Standardisasi simplisia daun ciplukan. Jurnal Farmasetis, 9(1), pp.31-40. https://doi.org/10.32583/farmasetis.v9i1.736
Wijaya, H., Novitasari. dan Jubaidah, S. 2018. Perbandingan metode ekstraksi terhadap rendemen ekstrak daun rambai laut (Sonneratia caseolaris L. Engl). Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 4(1), pp.79-83.
Zakaria, N., Fauziah, F., Rinaldi, R., Safrida, Y. D., & Winingsih, E. (2023). Analisa Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Sirup Poliherbal yang Mengandung Daun Kelor, Rimpang Kunyit, dan Rimpang Jahe. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, 5(1), 14-21.
Zhang, J., Xu, X., Cao, Z., Wang, Y., Yang, H., Azarfar, A., & Li, S. (2019). Effect of different tannin sources on nutrient intake, digestibility, performance, ni-trogen utilization, and blood parame-ters in dairy cows. Animals, 9(8), 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080507
Zhang, Y., Hao, R., Chen, J., Li, S., Huang, K., Cao, H., Farag, M. A., Battino, M., Daglia, M., & Capanoglu, E. (2023).
Health benefits of saponins and its mechanisms: perspectives from ab-sorption, metabolism, and interaction with gut. Critical Reviews in Food
Science and Nutrition, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2212063
