The impact of weather Condition Changes on Vertical Distribution of Sulfides in Lake Maninjau Based on Observation Data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55981/limnotek.2024.2203Keywords:
Lake Maninjau, Thermal stratification, Sulfide Concentration, Air Temperature, RainfallAbstract
Sulfide is a crucial parameter in volcanic lakes, as its levels and fluctuations in the lake determine the origin of sulfide and the extent of its impact on the lake ecosystem. In stratified lakes, the sulfide produced tends to be retained beneath the oxic layer. The sulfides rise towards the surface as the oxic layer thins triggered by decreased water column thermal stratification. Meanwhile, the strength or weakness of thermal stratification is greatly influenced by weather conditions. Lake Maninjau is a volcanic lake with a relatively high sulfide content. Its vertical distribution in the water column is highly dependent on the stratification of the water column. When stratification disappears, sulfide rises to the surface (locally known as tubo belerang) and has a negative impact on surface biota. The objective of this study is to examine the distribution of sulfides in the water column of Lake Maninjau under two different weather conditions. We perform two surveys to measure physicochemical parameters and sulfide concentration on 26‒29 November 2022 and 25‒26 August 2023 considering the seasonal pattern. We found that air temperatures and sunshine duration combined with precipitation and wind speed drive the thermal stratification of the water column. The lower air temperature, shorter sunshine duration, higher precipitation, and stronger wind speed in the first survey (west monsoon) compared with the second survey (east monsoon) resulted in lower stratification and triggered the elevated sulfide to the surface. In the middle of the lake, the surface sulfide measured during the first survey was 4.16 µg/L. Meanwhile, in the second survey, it was only observed at 1.16 µg/L. The distribution of sulfides within the water column of Lake Maninjau is regulated by the stratification of the water column, a process directly impacted by weather conditions.
References
Aguilera E, Chiodini G, Cioni R, Guidi M, Marini L, Raco B. 2000. Water chemistry of Lake Quilotoa (Ecuador) and assessment of natural hazards. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 97: 271–285. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00168-7
Alloway B V., Pribadi A, Westgate JA, Bird M, Fifield LK, Hogg A, Smith I. 2004. Correspondence between glass-FT and 14C ages of silicic pyroclastic flow deposits sourced from Maninjau caldera, west-central Sumatra. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 227: 121–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.08.014
Boyd C. 2014. Hydrogen Sulfide Toxic, But Manageable. Global Aquaculture Advocate 17: 34–36
Dunnette D, Chynoweth D, Mancy K. 1985. The Source of Hydrogen Sulfide in Anoxic Sediment. Water 19: 875–884
Elci S. 2016. Effects of thermal stratification and mixing on reservoir water quality. . DOI: 10.1007/s10201-008-0240-x
Fukushima T, Matsushita B, Subehi L, Setiawan F, Wibowo H. 2017. Will hypolimnetic waters become anoxic in all deep tropical lakes? Scientific Reports 7: 1–8. DOI: 10.1038/srep45320
Fukushima T, Setiawan F, Subehi L, Fakhrudin M, Triwisesa E, Dianto A, Matsushita B. 2021. Convection of waters in Lakes Maninjau and Singkarak, tropical oligomictic lakes. Limnology. DOI: 10.1007/s10201-021-00686-8
Hamdi S. 2014. Mengenal Lama Penyinaran Matahari Sebagai Salah Satu Parameter Klimatologi. Berita Dirgantara 15: 7–15. DOI: 10.20885/unisia.vol28.iss56.art12
Handayani CIM, Arthana IW, Merit IN. 2011. Identifikasi Sumber Pencemar dan Tingkat Pencemaran Air di Danau Batur Kabupaten Bangli. Ecotrophic 6: 37–43
Henny C. 2009. Dynamics of Biogeochemisrty of Sulfur in Lake Maninjau. Limnotek XVI: 74–87
Henny C, Nomosatryo S. 2012. Sulfide Dynamics in Lake Maninjau: The Implication on Phosphate Release in the Hypolimnion. Limnotek : perairan darat tropis di Indonesia 19: 102–112
Henny C, Nomosatryo S. 2016. Changes in water quality and trophic status associated with cage aquaculture in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 31. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/31/1/012027
Jasalesmana T, Putri MR, Abdurrachman M. 2023. Water Quality Assessment of Lake Maninjau After the Mass Fish Kill Event. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Ji ZG. 2017. Hydrodynamics and water quality: Modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries. DOI: 10.1002/9781119371946
Katsev S, Crowe SA, Mucci A, Sundby B, Nomosatryo S, Douglas Haffner G, Fowle DA. 2010. Mixing and its effects on biogeochemistry in the persistently stratified, deep, tropical Lake Matano, Indonesia. Limnology and Oceanography 55: 763–776. DOI: 10.4319/lo.2009.55.2.0763
Kortmann RW. 1981. RTRM. LakeLine. Ecosystem Consulting Services, Inc. 7–10
Kunz K, Wildman R. 2019. Effects of Solar Radiation and Air Temp on Thermal Stratification of Lakes. 0–3
Kusakabe M, Ohba T, Issa, Yoshida Y, Satake H, Ohizumi T, Evans WC, Tanyileke G, Kling GW. 2008. Evolution of CO2 in lakes Monoun and Nyos, Cameroon, before and during controlled degassing. Geochemical Journal 42: 93–118. DOI: 10.2343/geochemj.42.93
Liu M, Zhang Y, Shi K, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu M, Zhu G, Wu Z, Liu M. 2020. Effects of rainfall on thermal stratification and dissolved oxygen in a deep drinking water reservoir. Hydrological Processes 34: 3387–3399. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13826
Makmur S, Muthmainnah D, Subagdja. 2020. Fishery activities and environmental condition of Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 564. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/564/1/012025
Manual. 2007. DR 2800 Spectrophotometer.
Piranti AS, Rahayu DRUS, Waluyo G. 2018. Evaluasi Status Mutu Air Danau Rawapening. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 8: 151–160. DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.8.2.151-160
Pribadi A, Mulyadi E, Indyo P. 2007. Mekanisme erupsi ignimbrit Kaldera Maninjau , Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Geologi Indonesia 2: 31–41
Pusat Data -BMKG. (n.d.). Pusat Database – BMKG. DataOnline https://dataonline.bmkg.go.id/data_iklim. (last acessed on 30 August 2023)
Read JS, Hamilton DP, Jones ID, Muraoka K, Winslow LA, Kroiss R, Wu CH, Gaiser E. 2011. Derivation of lake mixing and stratification indices from high-resolution lake buoy data. Environmental Modelling and Software 26: 1325–1336. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.05.006
Riki Saputra IWR, Restu IW, Ayu Pratiwi M. 2017. Analisis Kualitas Air Danau Sebagai Dasar Perbaikan Manajemen Budidaya Perikanan Di Danau Buyan Kabupaten Buleleng, Provinsi Bali. ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 11: 1. DOI: 10.24843/ejes.2017.v11.i01.p01
Sagala S, Radiarta IN. 2012. Vertical-Horizontal Water Quality Profiles of Batur Lake, Bangli District, Bali Supporting Sustainable Lake Management. Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 7: 157. DOI: 10.15578/iaj.7.2.2012.157-169
Santoso AB, Triwisesa E. 2020. Ecosystem Metabolism and Oxygen Deficit in Lake Maninjau: Insight From High-Frequency Measurement. Limnotek : perairan darat tropis di Indonesia 27: 93–102. DOI: 10.14203/limnotek.v27i2.306
Santoso AB, Triwisesa E, Fakhrudin M, Harsono E, Rustini HA. 2018. What do we know about Indonesian tropical lakes? Insights from high frequency measurement. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 118: 0–5. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012024
Shi J, Wang L, Yang Y, Huang T. 2021. Effects of seasonal thermal stratification on ammonia nitrogen transformation in a source water reservoir. Processes 9: 1–12. DOI: 10.3390/pr9122218
Subehi L, Ridwansyah I, Fukushima T. 2021. Dissolved Oxygen Profiles and Its Problems at Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra – Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Limnology 1. DOI: 10.51264/inajl.v1i1.3
Wardhani E, Sugiarti ZA. 2022. Depth Profiles of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Concentration in a Tropical Freshwater Reservoir. Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 19: 316–329. DOI: 10.14710/presipitasi.v19i2.316-329
![Relative thermal resistance to mixing (RTRM) of water column in November 2022 and August 2023](https://ejournal.brin.go.id/public/journals/40/submission_2203_2180_coverImage_en_US.jpg)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.