KERAMIK MUATAN KAPAL KARAM CIREBON: SEBARAN DI SITUS-SITUS ARKEOLOGI SUMATERA BAGIAN SELATAN
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Abstract
Cirebon shipwreck was found in 2003 and then its cargo successfully rescued (removed) in 2005 to 2007. Although various types of findings in the shipwreck cargo, ceramics from the late 9th century up to 10 M are the findings most and populous. So many and prominence of the form and amount of the findings of ceramics, drawing attention to know where thosecommodities were loaded, where else location which also present the similar kind of those ceramics in the archipelago, as seen from the direction and position of the sunken ship shown the ship might came from some place in western region and most likely is the region of Southern Sumatra. This article will attempt to explain the distribution of similar findings (ceramics), the location of its sites in the region of Southern Sumatra, and its relationship with the activity of the cruise ship later sank on its way in the waters off the coast of Cirebon. The methods used were qualitative and comparative analysis which give description and ceramics distribution. The results of this analysis can be concluded on the sites in the region of South Sumatra has an important role in shipping and trading of the past, either as the port of destination or stay over port for local sailors to load commodity trading before distributed to other regions in archipelago.
Kapal karam di perairan pantai Cirebon merupakan kapal karam yang ditemukan pada tahun 2003, kemudian muatan nya berhasil diselamatkan (diangkat) pada tahun 2005 hingga 2007. Meski berbagai jenis temuan dalam muatan kapal karam tersebut, keramik asing dari akhir abad ke-9-10 merupakan temuan salah satu terbanyak atau terpadat. Begitu banyak dan menonjolnya bentuk dan jumlah temuan keramik, bila melihat dari arah dan lokasi kapal tersebut karam menunjukkan kapal ini berasal dari sebuah tempat di wilayah barat dan kemungkinan besar adalah wilayah Sumatera Bagian Selatan. Tulisan ini akan berusaha memaparkan sebaran temuan sejenis (keramik) yang terdapat pada situs-situs di wilayah Sumatera Bagian Selatan, dan hubungannya dengan aktivitas pelayaran kapal yang kemudian karam dalam perjalanannya di perairan lepas pantai Cirebon, melalui pemerian dan pemetaan sebaran serta melakukan data tertulis dan data penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan dalam permasalahan yang terkait dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan komparatif. Hasil dari analisis ini dapat disimpulkan mengenai sebaran situs-situs di wilayah Sumatera Bagian Selatan memiliki peran yang cukup penting pada pelayaran dan perdagangan masa lalu, baik sebagai pelabuhan tujuan maupun pelabuhan singgah untuk para pelaut Nusantara memuat komoditi dagang sebelum di distribusikan ke wilayah lain. Kata kunci: Kapal karam Cirebon, Keramik abad ke 9-10 M, Sumatera Bagian Selatan.
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