RAGAM HIAS PADA MAKAM TURIKALE DI MAROS SULAWESI SELATAN: KAJIAN ARKEOLOGI SENI
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Abstract
Ornament is one of the attributes in the Islamic cemetery that has cultural significance and become the object of Islamic archaeological study. The existence of ornament were also found in the tomb at the Tomb Mosque Complex in Turikale in Maros. Mosque of Turikale is an ancient mosque by mosque-type tombs, where the architecture of the mosque with the tomb architecture is a series of buildings in their entirety. All artifacts calligraphy on a tomb in the Tomb Mosque Complex in Turikale can be classified into Khat Tsulus. No calligraphy in this tomb complex that mimics or manipulate living things especially anthropomorphic form. These symptoms differ with some graveyard in South Sulawesi. The ornaments on the tomb building, adopts representative art and avoid the cult activity on the figure besides Allah. Tendrils and flowers revealed a very vulgar with upturned petals, which in philosophy Bugis-Makassar, symbolizes a view of life that is open and progressive.
Ragam hias merupakan salah satu atribut pada makam Islam yang memiliki makna budaya dan menjadi objek kajian arkeologi Islam. Keberadaan ragam hias ditemukan juga pada makam di Komplek Mesjid Makam Turikale di Maros. Mesjid Turikale ini merupakan mesjid kuno dengan tipe mesjid makam, dimana arsitektur mesjid dengan arsitektur makam merupakan satu rangkaian bangunan secara utuh. Semua artefak kaligrafi pada makam di Komplek Mesjid Makam Turikale dapat digolongkan ke dalam aliran Tsulus atau Khat Tsulus. Tidak ada kaligrafi di komplek makam ini yang meniru atau memanipulasi bentuk makhluk hidup apalagi anthropomorphic. Gejala ini berbeda dengan beberapa komplek makam di Sulawesi Selatan. Adapun ragam hias pada bangunan makam, menganut paham representative art dan menghindari aktivitas pengkultusan pada sosok selain Allah. Sulur-suluran dan bunga ditampakkan sangat vulgar dengan kelopak bunga yang menengadah, yang dalam falsafah Bugis-Makassar, menyimbolkan pandangan hidup yang terbuka dan progressif.
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