PEMANFAATAN ANALISIS PHYTOLITH DAN STARCH DALAM STUDI ARKEOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
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Abstract
Environmental issues in archaeology have become a very interesting theme to be researches. Those theme relates to landscapes, environmental changes, site formation and human adaptation processes. Faunal ecofact and artifact are commonly used as research data nowdays. Analysis of plants residu are less common because of the scarcity of those remains in the archaeological sites,especially prehistory. This paper attempts to explain some possible uses of microscopic plant residua analysis in the form of phytolith and starch for environmental studies. The method used in this paper is literature study on microbotani as well as imitation experiments by combining several methods ever undertaken by previous researchers. This study shows that the plants remains , especially the microbotany form of phytolith and starch provide significant information about the types of plants in the pass, environmental changes and their utilization by humans.
Isu lingkungan dalam ilmu arkeologi menjadi tema yang sangat menarik untuk diungkap. Penelitian dengan tema tersebut berkaitan dengan bentang lahan, perubahan lingkungan, pembentukan situs, dan proses adaptasi manusia. Data yang digunakan selama inilebih banyak didominasi oleh data artefak dan ekofak berupa fauna. Analisis temuan flora berupa sisa tumbuhan belum banyak dilakukan mengingat sisa tumbuhan memang sedikit ditemukan dalam situs arkeologi, apalagi situs prasejarah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan beberapa kemungkinan penggunaan analisis sisa tumbuhan yang bersifat mikroskopis berupa phytolith dan starch untuk studi lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah studi pustaka dari penelitian mikrobotani yang pernah dilakukan serta percobaan peniruan dengan memadukan beberapa metode yang pernah dilakukan oleh peneliti terdahulu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sisa tumbuhan, terutama yang bersifat mikroskopis berupa phytolith dan starch, memberikan informasi yang signifikan tentang jenis tumbuhan yang pernah ada, perubahan lingkungan, dan pemanfaatan oleh manusia.
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